Comparison of Macro-and Micro-porosity of a Titanium Mesh for Guided Bone Regeneration: AnIn VivoExperimental Study

Abstract

Background/Aim: Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is one of the surgical methods used for vertical ridge augmentation prior to dental implant placements. Titanium meshes have been used for osteogenic space maintenance in GBR sites by clinicians. We aimed to compare the influence of micropores and macropores in a titanium mesh on bone regeneration in a rat calvarial vertical GBR model. Materials and Methods: The calvaria of nine rats were exposed, and plastic cylinders were set bilaterally. Eighteen surgical sites were randomly allocated into three groups according to the materials of titanium lid and bone substitutes: microporous titanium lid+deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM), macroporous titanium lid +DBBM, microporous titanium lid+carbonate apatite. Newly generated bone inside the cylinders was evaluated using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Furthermore, bone regeneration and angiogenesis were evaluated histologically at 12 weeks. Results: Quantitative volumetric analyses using micro-CT showed a gradual increase in bone volume inside the cylinders in all three groups. Histological observation confirmed vigorous bone regeneration in the microporous groups compared to that in the macroporous group. In the upper part of the cylinders, soft tissue invaded the GBR site by passing through the pores of the macroporous mesh. The blood vessels in the upper part of the cylinders were smaller in the microporous groups than in the macroporous group. There was no difference in bone formation between cylinders filled with DBBM or carbonate apatite. Conclusion: Microvasculature penetrates 50-μm diameter micropores and accelerates bone formation inside the cylinder, which was set on rat calvaria. The microporous titanium mesh can facilitate angiogenesis from both the dura mater and periosteal in vertical ridge augmentation. Our data showed superiority of microporous titanium vascular permeability and osteoconductivity, supporting bone growth.

Influence of Different Porosities of Titanium Meshes on Bone Neoformation: Pre-Clinical Animal Study with Microtomographic and Histomorphometric Evaluation

“…Eighteen surgical sites were randomly allocated into three groups: microporous titanium lid + deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM), macroporous titanium lid + DBBM, and microporous titanium lid + carbonate apatite. The micro-CT evaluation showed an increase in bone volume inside the cylinders in all three groups but without significant differences among the groups [25]. In our study, the qualitative evaluations of the number of trabeculae, trabecular thickness, trabecular separation, and total bone porosity showed no statistically significant differences among the groups, although the numerical values of the groups with porosities in the meshes were the most favorable, especially for Group 3 (SPTMG).…”

Reverse Guided Bone Regeneration (R-GBR) Digital Workflow for Atrophic Jaws Rehabilitation

“…Apart from a few hypotheses [27], the design, thickness, pore dimensions and numbers and the treatment of the meshes surface are not demonstrated to condition the procedure. Recently, an in vivo study reported that the microporous structure of titanium mesh enhanced angiogenesis from periosteum in vertical ridge augmentation better than macro, associated with enhanced vascular permeability and osteoconductive capabilities [28]. Van Steenberghe et al reported that about ten consecutive patients had undergone GBR with an occlusive titanium barrier, allowing the insertion of 33 fixtures to bear a fixed prosthesis.…”

Resorbable bilayer membrane made of L-lactide-ε-caprolactone in guided bone regeneration: an in vivo experimental study

“…The analysis utilized an alpha level of 0.05 and a statistical power of 95%. Data from a previous study using the same animal model [26] were collected to determine the appropriate sample size. This previous study compared the percentages of newly formed tissues using two different barriers and demonstrated a statistically significant difference.…”

“…This model is well-standardized and normalized and permits sequential radiographic examination. We previously used this model to examine the bone regenerative effects of growth factors [23], bone substitutes [24], hormones [25], and titanium membranes [26]. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of a PLACL membrane (PLACL, Cytrans Elashield ® , GC, Tokyo, Japan) on bone regeneration by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and correlated the findings with the histological findings in our rat preclinical GBR model.…”