Comparison of low-level polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment revealed by Soxhlet extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and pressurized liquid extraction

Itoh, Nobuyasu; Numata, Masahiko; Aoyagi, Yoshie; Yarita, Takashi

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2008.02.012

Cited by 54 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The results obtained for the material reference were comparable to results which have been published using Soxhlet extraction for determining HA and PAH in river sediment. 26,27 In addition, it was used a certified reference material to validate the method. The test was performed only for PAH, because there is no certified reference material for AH.…”

Section: Parameters Of Meritmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of an analytical protocol for the extraction, fractionation and determination of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons in sediments

Ferreira¹,

Gouveia²,

Silva³

et al. 2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Neste trabalho foram aperfeiçoadas as etapas para determinação de hidrocarbonetos alifáticos e aromáticos em sedimentos. Durante as etapas de extração e concentração foram avaliados fatores determinantes como tempo, solvente extrator e sistema de resfriamento. Quanto ao cleanup, foram estudados diferentes volumes e misturas de solventes de eluição. Os resultados obtidos foram considerados aceitáveis (70-120%). A linearidade, limites de detecção e quantificação foram estudados construindo-se curvas analíticas (R > 0,99) com valores que demonstraram grande sensibilidade do método. A precisão e exatidão foram avaliadas com ensaios envolvendo material de referência certificado e adição e recuperação de analitos em sulfato de sódio. Nos testes de adição e recuperação os desvios ficaram abaixo de 20%, com recuperação dos alifáticos e aromáticos de 59-105% e 55-113%, respectivamente. Para os sedimentos de referência, os desvios obtidos foram inferiores aos valores certificados, com recuperações satisfatórias. O presente trabalho proporcionou a melhoria de um método já consolidado, possibilitando obter resultados com elevada confiabilidade analítica.The main steps involved in the determination of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments were evaluated in this work. In the extraction, factors such as the cooling system, time and solvent were evaluated. During the extraction and concentration, steps aspects such as time, extraction solvent and cooling system were evaluated. In the cleanup different solvents and elution mixtures were studied. The results were considered satisfactory (70-120%). Linearity and limits of detection and quantification were studied by means of calibration curves (R > 0.90) and the results demonstrated high sensitivity of the method. Precision and accuracy were studied by recovery tests using a certified reference material and sodium sulfate. In recovery tests, the standard deviations were below 20%, with percent recoveries for aliphatic and aromatics ranging from 59 to 105% and 55 to 113%, respectively. For the reference sediment, the standard deviations were lower than the certified values, with satisfactory recovery values. The present work provided a way of improving an already established method with high analytical reliability.

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Section: Parameters Of Meritmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of an analytical protocol for the extraction, fractionation and determination of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons in sediments

Ferreira¹,

Gouveia²,

Silva³

et al. 2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…The solution was then transferred to a 1cm quartz cuvette and the absorbance was read at 446nm. The method was applied according to the PORIM Test Method, [6]. The carotene content was denoted as ppm beta-carotene by using the following formula:…”

Section: Concentration Of Beta Carotenementioning

confidence: 99%

The extraction of β-Carotene from palm mesocarp via green sub-critical carbon dioxide

2015

J. adv. ethnol. eng. res

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Abstract-This study talks about the experiments involving sub-critical carbon dioxide extraction of palm oil from treated palm mesocarp to determine palm oil yield and concentration of beta-carotene. For comparison, the conventional method of Soxhlet Extraction with six different solvents was used. The overall oil yield was measured as weight of oil per weight of sample, while anti-oxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryihydrazyl radical scavenging method. The sub-critical extraction was conducted at a constant temperature of 30˚C and four different pressures of 10 MPa, 15 MPa, 20 MPa and 25 MPa. The sub-critical extraction produced high concentration of beta-carotene than Soxhlet extraction, even though the oil yield was lower. Furthermore, the anti-oxidant analysis showed a similar trend as the concentration of beta carotene. The best condition of sub-critical extraction was obtained at 25 MPa and 30˚C.

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“…19 On the other hand, after a previous study, 19 it was confirmed that a harsher condition (190˚C, 20 MPa) can introduce higher analytical results attributed to more effective extraction of native PAHs using the same sediment sample (+22% for Phe, +12% for Flu, +7% for BaA, +14% for BaP, and +16% for BghiP; details will be shown in elsewhere), although PLE (150˚C, 15 MPa) can introduce higher analytical results relative to other extraction techniques, such as Soxhlet and microwave-assisted extractions. 18 Thus, the PLE condition (190˚C, 20 MPa) was used in this study, since the most effective condition of PLE should be applied to not only the samples, but also the examination of biases during the PLE process.…”

Section: Effect Of the Ple Process On Native Pah/d-pah Ratios In The mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because PLE not only has at least as good an extraction efficiency as Soxhlet extraction, but is also faster and consumes less solvent, [15][16][17][18] it is widely used for routine work. On the other hand, native PAHs and D-PAHs show different behaviors during the PLE process of samples at ng g -1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate Quantification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Samples Using Deuterium-labeled Compounds as Internal Standards

et al. 2008

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Comparison of low-level polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment revealed by Soxhlet extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and pressurized liquid extraction

Cited by 54 publications

References 25 publications

Optimization of an analytical protocol for the extraction, fractionation and determination of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons in sediments

Optimization of an analytical protocol for the extraction, fractionation and determination of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons in sediments

The extraction of β-Carotene from palm mesocarp via green sub-critical carbon dioxide

Accurate Quantification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Samples Using Deuterium-labeled Compounds as Internal Standards

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