Comparison of loudness models for time-varying sounds

Rennies, Jan; Verhey, Jesko L.; Fastl, H.

doi:10.3813/aaa.918287

Cited by 34 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(95 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In these models, the time constants employed at the first integration stage (i.e., to compute the STL) were based only on data from psychophysical experiments on temporal masking and temporal integration of loudness (Glasberg & Moore, 2002). Although some studies showed that these constants surprisingly lead to fairly accurate predictions of loudness asymmetries between short duration rising and falling stimuli (Moore, 2013;Rennies, Verhey, & Fastl, 2010;Ries et al, 2008), our results demonstrate that they are not sufficient to predict loudness asymmetries that occur between stimuli of a few seconds. In the view of our data, though it still underestimates the magnitude of the effect, the LTL of Glasberg and Moore's model seems to be the best candidate to evaluate these asymmetries.…”

Section: Predictions From Current Loudness Modelscontrasting

confidence: 83%

A robust asymmetry in loudness between rising- and falling-intensity tones

Ponsot

Susini

Meunier

2015

Atten Percept Psychophys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tones rising in intensity over a few seconds are perceived as louder than symmetrical tones falling in intensity. However, the causes for such perceptual asymmetry, as well as its magnitude and dependency on contextual and methodological factors remain unclear. In this paper, two psychophysical experiments were conducted to measure the magnitude of this asymmetry for 2-s, 15-dB intensity-varying tones in different conditions. In the first experiment, participants assessed the global loudness of rising-and falling-intensity sounds with an absolute magnitude estimation procedure (AME); in the second experiment, they compared sounds relatively in an adaptive, two-interval, two-alternative forcedchoice task (2I-2AFC). In both experiments, the region of intensity change, the design of experimental blocks, and the type of comparison stimulus were systematically manipulated to test for contextual and methodological factors. Remarkably, the asymmetry was virtually unaffected by the different contexts of presentation and similar results with 2I-2AFC and AME measurements were obtained. In addition, the size of the effect was comparable over all but the highest intensity regions (80-90 dB SPL), at which it was significantly smaller. All together, these results indicate that the loudness asymmetry is preserved under different measurement methods and contexts, and suggest that the underlying mechanism is strong and robust. In short, falling tones have to be about 4 dB higher in level than symmetrically rising tones in order to be perceived with the same global loudness, a finding that is still not predicted by current loudness models.

show abstract

Section: Predictions From Current Loudness Modelscontrasting

confidence: 83%

A robust asymmetry in loudness between rising- and falling-intensity tones

Ponsot

Susini

Meunier

2015

Atten Percept Psychophys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It also remains to be shown to what extent models for the loudness of time-varying sounds (e.g., Chalupper & Fastl, 2002;Glasberg & Moore, 2002) can account for some effects of the level profile on the temporal weights. Previous studies have concluded, however, that existing models cannot explain the primacy effect observed with a flat level profile (Pedersen, 2006;Rennies, Verhey, & Fastl, 2010). Note that a recent model of spectral loudness summation predicts an onset accentuation (Rennies, Verhey, Chalupper, & Fastl, 2009), but due to its short effective time constants, the model probably cannot explain the primacy effects observed with sound durations of 1 s, as in the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

The temporal weighting of loudness: effects of the level profile

Oberfeld

Plank

2010

Atten Percept Psychophys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In four experiments, we studied the influence of the level profile of time-varying sounds on temporal perceptual weights for loudness. The sounds consisted of contiguous wideband noise segments on which independent random-level perturbations were imposed. Experiment 1 showed that in sounds with a flat level profile, the first segment receives the highest weight (primacy effect). If, however, a gradual increase in level (fade-in) was imposed on the first few segments, the temporal weights showed a delayed primacy effect: The first unattenuated segment received the highest weight, while the fade-in segments were virtually ignored. This pattern argues against a capture of attention to the onset as the origin of the primacy effect. Experiment 2 demonstrated that listeners adjust their temporal weights to the level profile on a trial-by-trial basis. Experiment 3 ruled out potentially inferior intensity resolution at lower levels as the cause of the delayed primacy effect. Experiment 4 showed that the weighting patterns cannot be explained by perceptual segmentation of the sounds into a variable and a stable part. The results are interpreted in terms of memory and attention processes. We demonstrate that the prediction of loudness can be improved significantly by allowing for nonuniform temporal weights.

show abstract

“…Similar predictions are expected, for instance, from the model for time-varying loudness (Glasberg and Moore, 2002), since the differences between the models are only visible in a very few experiments (Rennies et al, 2010). The present study focused on dynamic loudness models for the simulations since stationary models are not sensitive to amplitude modulations.…”

Section: Modelling Partial Loudness Of a Tone In Noisesupporting

confidence: 76%

Suprathreshold Perception of Tonal Components in Noise Under Conditions of Masking Release

Verhey¹,

Heise²

2012

Acta Acustica united with Acustica

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many technical sounds contain tonal components in a noise background. The present study investigates how such tonal components embedded in noise are perceived under conditions of enhanced detectability of the tone due to (i) amplitude modulation of the noise background or (ii) interaural disparities in the signal's phase. To quantify the sensation elicited by a tonal component in these masking-release conditions, the listeners are asked to adjust the level of the tone to have the same magnitude of tonal content (German "Tonhaltigkeit") or to be perceived as equally loud as a tone which is masked by an unmodulated noise and presented diotically (baseline condition). For both sensations the signal-to-noise ratio at equal magnitude of the sensation is lower for the tone in the masking-release conditions than for the baseline condition. This is mainly due to the lower masked threshold of the tone in masking-release conditions. The effect is most prominent at low levels and decreases towards higher levels. A high correlation is observed between the data for the magnitude of tonal content and the partial loudness of the tone, demonstrating the similarity between these two sensations.

show abstract

Comparison of loudness models for time-varying sounds

Cited by 34 publications

References 47 publications

A robust asymmetry in loudness between rising- and falling-intensity tones

A robust asymmetry in loudness between rising- and falling-intensity tones

The temporal weighting of loudness: effects of the level profile

Suprathreshold Perception of Tonal Components in Noise Under Conditions of Masking Release

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About