Comparison of Localized Injections of Spinosad and Selected Insecticides for the Control of Cryptotermes brevis (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) in Naturally Infested Structural Mesocosms

Woodrow, R. J.; Grace, J. Kenneth; Oshiro, Robert J.

doi:10.1093/jee/99.4.1354

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…However, the smallest known object containing drywood termites is a book (Gulmahamad 1997), and C. brevis have been found infesting wooden boards as small as 2 9 10 9 25 cm in pallets (Grace et al 2009). Pallets are one of the most important solid wood packing materials; and wood-eating tramp species have been found in these and other forms of solid wooden packing material (Bartell and Nair 2003;Woodrow et al 2006). This study suggests that even smaller wooden pieces may require more careful examination, for all wood-eating insect pests (Haack and Cavey 2000;Haack 2006), as little of this type of traded wood is treated chemically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foraging choice and replacement reproductives facilitate invasiveness in drywood termites

2010

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All highly cryptic drywood termites derive their food and water from a single piece of wood. Despite the fact that most species share the same life cycles, only a few have become invasive tramp species. Variation in production of replacement reproductives and food size choice were determined for nine species of the important drywood genus Cryptotermes in a test with two different sized wooden blocks. Four native, non-pest species produced one or two reproductives, gnawed short tunnels and chose large blocks; four tramp pest species produced three or four reproductives, gnawed long tunnels and two species chose small blocks whereas the other two species chose both blocks; the ninth species, a native pest, was similar to tramp species. Longer tunnels and more replacement reproductives corresponded with pest status, acceptance of small blocks with tramp status. Although counter-intuitive, the foraging acceptance or preference for small blocks of wood corresponds with higher propagule pressure and an increased chance of (unwitting) human assisted transport, and therefore may be an important factor in determining tramp status of drywood termite species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foraging choice and replacement reproductives facilitate invasiveness in drywood termites

2010

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“…Despite this, treatment with slow-acting toxicants sometimes gave inconsistent results. Woodrow et al (2006) only recorded moderate mortality rate (Ϸ50 Ð 60%) on Cryptotermes brevis (Walker) in hardwood shipping pallets treatment. The fragmented distribution of termites as recorded in our study may explain why there was high variability of success rate in the previous studies (Woodrow et al 2006, Woodrow andGrace 2007).…”

Section: No Antennal Segmentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Woodrow et al (2006) only recorded moderate mortality rate (Ϸ50 Ð 60%) on Cryptotermes brevis (Walker) in hardwood shipping pallets treatment. The fragmented distribution of termites as recorded in our study may explain why there was high variability of success rate in the previous studies (Woodrow et al 2006, Woodrow andGrace 2007). For example, in current study, we found that 33 de-alates/torn-wing alates (Ϸ15 pairs a 2 test was not attempted because the assumption of size of expected frequencies was violated.…”

Section: No Antennal Segmentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Developmental Stages and Caste Composition of a Mature and Incipient Colony of the Drywood Termite, Cryptotermes dudleyi (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae)

Neoh

Lee

2011

jnl. econ. entom.

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The caste composition and sex ratio in a mature and an incipient colony of Cryptotermes dudleyi Banks (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) was studied. Biometric descriptors of both immature and sexual castes were developed. Morphometric analysis revealed that there are four larval instars, a pseudergate, and three nymphal instars in the development of C. dudleyi. To differentiate between the fourth larval instars and the pseudergate, pronotal width and tibial length must be taken into account, because the head width overlaps between the two groups. The number of antennal segments increases in parallel with instar development. The mature colony was headed by a pair of physogastric nymphoid neotenics; the colony also contained multiple pairs of nonphysogastric de-alates and wing-torn alates. The majority of eggs and larvae were confined to galleries that connected to locations where nymphoid neotenics were found, whereas in general only pseudergates and nymphs were found together with de-alates and wing-torn alates. In contrast, the incipient colony contained only a pair of primary reproductives. Nymphs formed a major group in both mature and incipient colonies, as did pseudergates. The sex ratio of the mature colony was slightly but significantly biased in favor of females, whereas it was skewed toward males in the incipient colony. The data also suggested that the soldier caste was female skewed.

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“…Authors of Refs. [179,180] stated that for successful control of drywood termites, all portions of the gallery system need to be located and treated. Nematodes were effective on the dampwood termite in the genus Neotermes infesting unbranched trunks of coconut palms, but their effectiveness was inferior in branched trees of citrus, cocoa, or mahogany [172].…”

Section: Limitations In the Use Of Entomopathogenic Nematodes As Biolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Searching for Better Methodologies for Successful Control of Termites Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes

Baïmey¹,

Zadji²,

Afouda³

et al. 2017

Nematology - Concepts, Diagnosis and Control

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Termites are social insects reported from many countries of the world. Some species of them are known to be beneficial to man, whereas some others cause substantial losses (billions of US dollars annually) of properties and amenities. Various preventive and remedial methods are used to control undesirable termite species. The current review paper gives an overview of beneficial and detrimental activities of termites. Methods of control of undesirable species of termites are given and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. We emphasized on the use of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) as effective, environmentally safe and sustainable biological control method against termites. Species of EPNs recovered in Africa are documented. Some techniques used to collect termites and to maintain them for experiments and also to propagate, to formulate, to store, and to check for the quality of EPNs for application in the laboratory and in the field are also discussed. The environmental factors affecting the potential of EPNs to control termites are discussed. The information provided in this chapter will help researchers to enhance their skills of the use of EPNs against termites by selecting from the methodologies described here the best ones to adapt to particular experimental conditions, especially in African soil conditions.

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Comparison of Localized Injections of Spinosad and Selected Insecticides for the Control of Cryptotermes brevis (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) in Naturally Infested Structural Mesocosms

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Foraging choice and replacement reproductives facilitate invasiveness in drywood termites

Foraging choice and replacement reproductives facilitate invasiveness in drywood termites

Developmental Stages and Caste Composition of a Mature and Incipient Colony of the Drywood Termite, Cryptotermes dudleyi (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae)

Searching for Better Methodologies for Successful Control of Termites Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes

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