Comparison of ligninolytic activities of selected white-rot fungi

Waldner, Roland; Leisola, Matti; Fiechter, Armin

doi:10.1007/bf00265826

Cited by 132 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…They were first described in Polystictus versicolor (5). AAO activity was later detected in different fungi, including Pleurotus species (6)(7)(8)(9), Fusarium solani (10), Rigidoporus microporus (synonym, Fomes lignosus) (11), Bjerkandera adusta (12,13), and Botrytis cinerea (14). The simultaneous production of AAO and lignin peroxidase (LiP) in B. adusta (15) and of AAO and versatile peroxidase in Pleurotus cultures (16) supports AAO involvement in lignin degradation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Activities of Secreted Aryl Alcohol Quinone Oxidoreductases from Pycnoporus cinnabarinus Provide Insights into Fungal Degradation of Plant Biomass

Mathieu

Piumi

Valli

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Auxiliary activities family 3 subfamily 2 (AA3_2) from the CAZy database comprises various functions related to ligninolytic enzymes, such as fungal aryl alcohol oxidases (AAO) and glucose oxidases, both of which are flavoenzymes. The recent study of the Pycnoporus cinnabarinus CIRM BRFM 137 genome combined with its secretome revealed that four AA3_2 enzymes are secreted during biomass degradation. One of these AA3_2 enzymes, scf184803.g17, has recently been produced heterologously in Aspergillus niger. Based on the enzyme's activity and specificity, it was assigned to the glucose dehydrogenases (P. cinnabarinus GDH [PcGDH]). Here, we analyze the distribution of the other three AA3_2 enzymes (scf185002.g8, scf184611.g7, and scf184746.g13) to assess their putative functions. These proteins showed the highest homology with aryl alcohol oxidase from Pleurotus eryngii. Biochemical characterization demonstrated that they were also flavoenzymes harboring flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as a cofactor and able to oxidize a wide variety of phenolic and nonphenolic aryl alcohols and one aliphatic polyunsaturated primary alcohol. Though presenting homology with fungal AAOs, these enzymes exhibited greater efficiency in reducing electron acceptors (quinones and one artificial acceptor) than molecular oxygen and so were defined as aryl-alcohol: quinone oxidoreductases (AAQOs) with two enzymes possessing residual oxidase activity (PcAAQO2 and PcAAQO3). Structural comparison of PcAAQO homology models with P. eryngii AAO demonstrated a wider substrate access channel connecting the active-site cavity to the solvent, explaining the absence of activity with molecular oxygen. Finally, the ability of PcAAQOs to reduce radical intermediates generated by laccase from P. cinnabarinus was demonstrated, shedding light on the ligninolytic system of this fungus.A uxiliary activities (AA) are a widespread group of catalytic modules involved in plant cell wall degradation. They were first introduced in 2013 into the carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZy [www.cazy.org]) database (1). This AA class encompasses and extends an earlier classification dedicated to fungal ligninolytic enzymes and comprises 10 families, some of which have subfamilies (2). The AA family group enzymes possess the potential ability to help the original carbohydrate-active enzymes gain access to the carbohydrates embedded in the plant cell wall. Lignin, the main noncarbohydrate structural component of plant cell walls, consists of an intricate network of aromatic compounds forming a strong, hydrophobic, insoluble barrier closing access to the carbohydrates. Microorganisms have therefore set up different strategies to either modify or degrade lignin as a first step to gain access to the carbohydrate moiety and convert it into an energy source (3).In this new AA classification, family AA3 belongs to the glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase family first defined by Cavener (4). AA3 enzymes are flavoproteins containing a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-binding domai...

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Activities of Secreted Aryl Alcohol Quinone Oxidoreductases from Pycnoporus cinnabarinus Provide Insights into Fungal Degradation of Plant Biomass

Mathieu

Piumi

Valli

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The high lignin content of peanut shells is largely responsible for their recalcitrance to biodegradation under normal environmental conditions; for their reportedly low digestibility in ruminants [6,[20][21][22][23], and for the cost-intensive hydrolysis that is required to obtain fermentable sugars from them for bioenergy and pulp industries [12]. White rot fungi are nature's reservoir of inexpensive, environmentally friendly, complex enzymes that can selectively degrade lignin in situ, and their use for these purposes is supported in literature [24,25]. Pleurotus ostreatus, a white rot fungus, is primarily a lignocellulosic biomass decomposer.…”

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Co-Substrating of Peanut Shells with Cornstalks Enhances Biodegradation by Pleurotus ostreatus

FN¹,

Yusuf²

2016

J Bioremed Biodeg

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IntroductionPeanut shells (PS) are abundant agro-industrial waste products that are recalcitrant to degradation under natural conditions [1]. The increasing expansion of peanut production has led to accumulation of large quantities of these shells all over the world. In the US alone, peanut production increased by 45% between 2011 and 2012, bringing production to 3.04 million metric tons [2]. Globally, 45.6 million metric tons of peanuts are produced annually [3]. It has been estimated that for every kg of peanuts produced, 230-300 g of peanut shells are generated [4]. Therefore, as much as 13.7 million metric tons of peanut shells are churned out every year, most of which are dumped into the environment or burned [5,6]. Peanut shells are a renewable resource that could be targeted for purposeful use in the food, feed, paper and bioenergy industries. However, as yet, few if any value-added uses exist for them [7].Over the years, various attempts to utilize peanut shells have been made. Small fractions were incorporated into animal feed, especially for cattle [8], while some authors have experimented on their use as dietary fiber for humans [9]. Other non-food research trials include uses in pulp production [10], feedstock for bioethanol production [11,12], particle board component [13], mulch and activated charcoal [7]. However, the major drawback to their use in large scale industrial operations is the high lignin content.Much like other agricultural lignocellulolysic biomass, peanut shells are composed mainly of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. Lignin, a complex polymer, is the most recalcitrant component of plant biomass [14] and binds tightly to, and provides a physical seal around, cellulose and hemicellulose [11,[15][16][17][18], thereby protecting them against attack by hydrolytic enzymes. The restricted bioavailability of these sugars and other components is thought to be largely physical, with lignin molecules reducing the surface area available to enzymatic penetration and activity [19]. In order to gain access to the sugars in cellulose and AbstractWorld consumption of peanuts has increased tremendously, resulting in abundance of peanut shell waste. The high lignin content of peanut shells limits their bioconversion to useful products or recycling. Therefore, the synergy in co-substrating peanut shells (PS) and cornstalks (CS) to enhance biodegradation was evaluated. Various compositions of peanut shells and cornstalks (% dry weight) herein called co-substrate -90PS:10CS, 75PS:25CS, 50PS:50CS, 25PS:75CS, 10PS:90CS, and two controls Cont1-100PS and Cont2-100CS were studied under solid state fermentation (SSF) with a white rot fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus for 120 days. A two-factorial experiment in a completely randomized design (CRD) was used. Results showed that substrate composition and fermentation time were important variables in substrate degradation. Lignin degradation, losses in organic matter, cellulose and hemicellulose increased with time. Increasing the composition of CS in co-substrates...

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“…The ligninolytic system of P. ostreatus consists of laccase and MnP (62), and therefore the activity of these two enzymes was estimated. Cadmium and mercury were chosen because they are often found as soil contaminants (43) and are most toxic for white-rot fungi in liquid culture (3).…”

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Influence of Cadmium and Mercury on Activities of Ligninolytic Enzymes and Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Pleurotus ostreatus in Soil

Baldrián

Wiesche²,

Gabriel

et al. 2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

199

110

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The white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus was able to degrade the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( anthracene (41%), the fungus enhanced the disappearance of less-soluble polycyclic aromatic compounds containing five or six aromatic rings. Although the heavy metals in the soil affected the activity of ligninolytic enzymes produced by the fungus (laccase and Mn-dependent peroxidase), no decrease in PAH degradation was found in soil containing Cd or Hg at 10 to 100 ppm. In the presence of cadmium at 500 ppm in soil, degradation of PAHs by soil microflora was not affected whereas the contribution of fungus was negligible, probably due to the absence of Mn-dependent peroxidase activity. In the presence of Hg at 50 to 100 ppm or Cd at 100 to 500 ppm, the extent of soil colonization by the fungus was limited.

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Comparison of ligninolytic activities of selected white-rot fungi

Cited by 132 publications

References 32 publications

Activities of Secreted Aryl Alcohol Quinone Oxidoreductases from Pycnoporus cinnabarinus Provide Insights into Fungal Degradation of Plant Biomass

Activities of Secreted Aryl Alcohol Quinone Oxidoreductases from Pycnoporus cinnabarinus Provide Insights into Fungal Degradation of Plant Biomass

Co-Substrating of Peanut Shells with Cornstalks Enhances Biodegradation by Pleurotus ostreatus

Influence of Cadmium and Mercury on Activities of Ligninolytic Enzymes and Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Pleurotus ostreatus in Soil

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