Comparison of Lifetime Suicide Attempts and Recent Suicidal/Self-Harming Thoughts Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Utahns: Results from a Population-Based Survey

McGraw, James S.; Peer, Samuel O.; McManimen, Stephanie; Chinn, Jessica; Mahoney, Annette

doi:10.1080/13811118.2020.1806159

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…LGBT adults in the present sample reported similar rates of suicidal ideation compared to other samples of sexual minority adults in the U.S. [37,56], rates which far exceed their cisgender and heterosexual counterparts [57]. Research with Latino adults from the U.S. has found responsibility to one's family and moral objection to suicide to be protective against suicidal ideation [58,59].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Discrimination, Mental Health, and Suicidal Ideation among Sexual Minority Adults in Latin America: Considering the Roles of Social Support and Religiosity

et al. 2021

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Despite the high rates of discrimination and mental health issues experienced by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) adults at an international level, very little research has focused on this population in Latin America. As a result, the purpose of this study was to explore relationships among discrimination experiences, mental health (i.e., anxiety and depressive symptoms), suicidal ideation, religiosity, and social support in LGBT adults in Latin America. A sample of 99 participants from the region completed an online survey assessing these constructs. Results suggested that 51.5% of the sample reported lifetime suicidal ideation. Experiences with harassment/rejection-type discrimination predicted suicidal ideation, while work/school-type discrimination predicted mental health problems (anxiety and depression). Depressive symptoms predicted suicidal ideation, while anxiety symptoms alone did not. Further, depressive symptoms mediated relationships between work/school discrimination and suicidal ideation, as well as between harassment/rejection discrimination and suicidal ideation. Moderated mediation analyses suggested that high, but not low or moderate levels of social support and religiosity buffered LGBT adults in Latin America against discrimination, specifically by weakening links among discrimination, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Clinical intervention research with LGBT adults in Latin America should focus on increasing social support networks for this population and on helping LGBT adults reconcile conflicts between religious identities and sexual or gender minority identities, as healthy religiosity may serve as a protective factor against mental health problems generally, and suicidal ideation specifically.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Discrimination, Mental Health, and Suicidal Ideation among Sexual Minority Adults in Latin America: Considering the Roles of Social Support and Religiosity

et al. 2021

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“…The mean (SD) number of sessions was assumed to be 118 (135), with a mean (SD) duration of 26 (29) months. 49 Fatal suicide on index attempt 0.9 [28][29][30] 2.5 [28][29][30] 0.1 [28][29][30] Abbreviations:…”

Section: Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Owing to the limitations and challenges in collecting suicide data, there is also uncertainty associated with the proportion of suicide attempts that may lead to fatalities among the LGBTQ population; the base-case model does not consider the rate and fatality of suicide reattempts. 28,29 Last, as an economic analysis, this model necessarily examines SOGICE with a focus on direct and indirect monetary costs and cost offsets. Beyond the economic consequences, as noted by multiple international organizations, individuals subjected to this practice experience serious detrimental effects.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Humanistic and Economic Burden of Conversion Therapy Among LGBTQ Youths in the United States

Forsythe

Pick

Tremblay³

et al. 2022

JAMA Pediatr

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IMPORTANCE Sexual orientation and gender identity change efforts (SOGICE), also called conversion therapy, is a discredited practice attempting to convert lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning (LGBTQ) individuals to be heterosexual and/or cisgender.OBJECTIVES To identify and synthesize evidence on the humanistic and economic consequences of SOGICE among LGBTQ youths in the US. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis study, conducted from December 1, 2020, to February 15, 2021, included a systematic literature review and economic evaluation. The literature review analyzed published evidence on SOGICE among LGBTQ individuals of any age. The economic model evaluated the use of SOGICE vs no intervention, affirmative therapy vs no intervention, and affirmative therapy vs SOGICE to estimate the costs and adverse outcomes for each scenario and to assess the overall US economic burden of SOGICE. Published literature and public sources were used to estimate the number of LGBTQ youths exposed to SOGICE, the types of therapy received, and the associated adverse events (anxiety, severe psychological distress, depression, alcohol or substance abuse, suicide attempts, and fatalities). EXPOSURES SOGICE (licensed or religion-based practitioners) or affirmative therapy (licensed practitioners).MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Total incremental costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) vs no intervention and total economic burden of SOGICE. RESULTS Among 28 published studies, which included 190 695 LGBTQ individuals, 12% (range, 7%-23%) of youths experienced SOGICE, initiated at a mean age of 25 years (range, 5-58 years), with a mean (SD) duration of 26 (29) months. At least 2 types of SOGICE were administered to 43% of recipients. Relative to LGBTQ individuals who did not undergo SOGICE, recipients experienced serious psychological distress (47% vs 34%), depression (65% vs 27%), substance abuse (67% vs 50%), and attempted suicide (58% vs 39%). In the economic analysis, over a lifetime horizon with a 3% annual discount rate, the base-case model estimated additional $97 985 lifetime costs per individual, with SOGICE associated with 1.61 QALYs lost vs no intervention; affirmative therapy yielded cost savings of $40 329 with 0.93 QALYs gained vs no intervention. With an estimated 508 892 youths at risk for SOGICE in 2021, the total annual cost of SOGICE is estimated at $650.16 million (2021 US dollars), with associated harms totaling an economic burden of $9.23 billion. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEThis economic evaluation study suggests that there is a high economic burden and high societal costs associated with SOGICE and identifies additional research questions regarding the roles of private and public funding in supporting this harmful practice.

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“…Sexual minoritized individuals living in Utah may face unique challenges to both their mental health and their perceived ability to access care. Utah's suicide rate is consistently in the top 10 of the United States (Stone et al, 2018), with sexual minoritized individuals living in Utah being at particular risk for suicidal thoughts and attempts compared to their heterosexual counterparts (McGraw, Docherty, et al, 2021; McGraw, McManimen, et al, 2022; McGraw, Peer, et al, 2022). The majority of those living in Utah (known colloquially as Utahns) are affiliated with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 2021), a conservative Christian religion that is frequently considered one of the least affirming of sexual minoritized individuals in the US (Barringer, 2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring mental health and help-seeking attitudes among sexual minoritized adults in Utah.

McGraw¹,

Oakey-Frost²,

Lefevor³

et al. 2023

Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity

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Sexual minoritized individuals living in Utah face unique social challenges that may adversely affect their mental health and ability to seek help for mental health problems. Due to the large social presence of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, sexual minoritized individuals living in Utah may face religious-based stigma that negatively impacts their mental health and creates barriers to getting help from family, mental health professionals, physicians/healthcare providers, and clergy. Using a representative sample of Utah adults (N = 10,921) we explored the prevalence of bad mental health days and help-seeking attitudes, and tested how sexual minority identity, religious affiliation, and demographic controls affect these experiences. Results from linear and logistic regressions suggest that sexual minoritized individuals in Utah experience more bad mental health days, a greater likelihood of feeling they could not seek help for mental health problems because of fear of judgment/discrimination, and were less likely to seek support for an emotional problem or suicidal thoughts from family members, physicians/healthcare providers, and clergy. Conversely, being a member of the dominant religious group (i.e., Latter-day Saints), regardless of sexual orientation, was associated with fewer bad mental health days, a lower likelihood of feeling they could not seek help for mental health problems because of fear of judgment/discrimination, and a greater likelihood of seeking support for an emotional problem or suicidal thoughts from family members, physicians/healthcare providers, and clergy. Implications for how religious affiliation and sexual minority identity may create barriers to mental health and help-seeking are discussed.

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Comparison of Lifetime Suicide Attempts and Recent Suicidal/Self-Harming Thoughts Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Utahns: Results from a Population-Based Survey

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Discrimination, Mental Health, and Suicidal Ideation among Sexual Minority Adults in Latin America: Considering the Roles of Social Support and Religiosity

Discrimination, Mental Health, and Suicidal Ideation among Sexual Minority Adults in Latin America: Considering the Roles of Social Support and Religiosity

Humanistic and Economic Burden of Conversion Therapy Among LGBTQ Youths in the United States

Exploring mental health and help-seeking attitudes among sexual minoritized adults in Utah.

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