Comparison of lidocaine, lidocaine-morphine, lidocaine-tramadol or bupivacaine for neural blockade of the brachial plexus in fat-tailed lambs

Ghadirian, Safoura; Vesal, Nasser; Maghsoudi, Behzad; Akhlagh, Seyed Hedayatollah

doi:10.1111/vaa.12280

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Em ruminantes, o BPB guiado por neuroestimulação ainda é pouco utilizado, sendo este descrito experimentalmente apenas na espécie ovina, utilizando técnica semelhante à usada nos cães [5], sendo este relato pioneiro no uso da técnica da neuroestimulação para realização do BPB em um bezerro. Nos bovinos, o bloqueio é feito em sua grande maioria, as cegas, utilizando-se pontos anatômicos como referência para execução do mesmo, estando a experiência e as habilidades do anestesista como um fator determinante na taxa de sucesso da técnica [8].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…No que diz respeito ao volume utilizado, ainda não há um consenso na literatura. Os volumes variam desde 0,2 até 1 mL/kg de solução anestésica local em diferentes espécies [1,3,5,6,12]. O volume de solução utilizado neste presente relato, foi escolhido de forma a utilizar uma dose máxima de 1,5 mg/kg de bupivacaína, diferente da dose anteriormente utilizada [3], de 4 mg/ kg do mesmo anestésico local, tendo em vista que, existe uma vantagem de se usar doses mais baixas do anestésico local, que é diminuir o risco potencial dos efeitos tóxicos dos mesmos [12].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Foi feito tricotomia de todo o membro e antissepsia da região do vazio torácico e da região axilar, utilizando álcool iodado. Para localização dos nervos que compõe o plexo braquial, foi utilizado um estimulador de nervos periféricos (Neuro-Estimulador E2107 ® ) 5 . O mesmo teve seu polo negativo conectado a uma agulha para eletroestimulação de dimensões 23G x 100 mm, com seu polo positivo acoplado a pele, a uma distância de no máximo 10 cm do ponto de inserção da agulha.…”

Section: Casounclassified

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Nerve Stimulator-Guided Brachial Plexus Block Performed in the Amputation of a Calf’s Forelimb

Fernandes

Barbosa

Oliveira

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Locoregional anesthesia techniques enable the performance of procedures in the distal portion of the limbs, through the parenteral administration of local anesthetic nerve block. There are devices that can increase the effectiveness of these blocks by accurately locating the nerves. These devices include peripheral nerve stimulators, which enable anesthetic to be injected near the plexus, thus reducing the volume of anesthetic required and allowing for the specific blockade of a nerve branch by desensitizing exclusively the area of interest. This paper describes the use of nerve stimulator in the brachial plexus block (BPB) of a calf subjected to amputation of the left foreleg. Case: A newborn calf weighing 30 kg, with a history of injury to the left foreleg, was treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region. Clinical and X-ray examinations revealed a fracture in the medial portion of the metacarpus and radiographic alterations indicative of osteomyelitis, so amputation of the affected limb was recommended. Prior the beginning, during and after the surgical procedure, the animal was submitted to the evaluation of its physiological parameters (heart and respiratory rate, capillary refill time, diastolic, systolic and mean blood pressure and rectal temperature). Because it is a newborn animal, it was decided not to pre-operatively fast. After applying preanesthetic medication (xylazine 0.01 mg/kg IV), anesthesia was induced with ketamine (2 mg/kg IV) and midazolam (0.3 mg/kg IV) and maintained with isoflurane. For the brachial plexus block, 0.4 mL/kg (1.5 mg/kg) of 0.375% bupivacaine was used and aided by a peripheral nerve stimulator to generate 10 mA current, 1 HZ frequency and 100 μs pulse duration, coupled to a nerve stimulation needle, it was possible to observe flexion movements of the limb. The stimulus was decreased until movements were triggered at currents lower than 5 mA and nonexistent at 2 mA, whereupon the anesthetic solution was slowly injected. The blockade promoted anesthesia of the entire distal region of the scapulohumeral joint after 30 minutes, providing supplemental analgesia throughout the surgical procedure, whose effect persisted up to 6 hours after the blockade, thus enabling amputation surgery of the limb. The anesthetic recovery was smooth and without signs of excitation. Post-operatory therapy was dipyrone (25 mg/kg) intravenously (IV), every 12 h for five days, meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg) IV every 24 h for three days; and morphine (0.1 mg/kg) intramuscularly every 6 h for three days. Discussion: The use of nerve stimulation enabled the safe and effective use of BPB in a calf subjected to forelimb amputation surgery. In terms of its analgesic contribution during the intraoperative period, the effectiveness of the blockade was satisfactory, considering that the animal presented no variations in the parameters evaluated during the entire surgical period, when compared to those obtained in the preoperative, and no supplemental analgesic wa...

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Section: Discussionunclassified

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Nerve Stimulator-Guided Brachial Plexus Block Performed in the Amputation of a Calf’s Forelimb

Fernandes

Barbosa

Oliveira

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…Opioids in combination with local anesthetics in people have been recommended to prolong sensorial and motor blockade after loco-regional blocks such as the brachial plexus, sciatic, nerve, femoral nerve, and dental nerve blocks (Modi et al, 2009;Bailard et al, 2014). However, in veterinary medicine, limited evidence supports the advantages of these combinations over the traditional local anesthetic technique (Ghadirian et al, 2016). Further evaluation of these combinations in small animal species is necessary to determine its efficacy.…”

Section: Other Routes Of Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The present and future of opioid analgesics in small animal practice

Simon

Steagall

2016

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Opioids are the cornerstone for the treatment of acute pain in small animal patients. This is primarily because of their remarkable safety profile, high efficacy, and benefit of reversibility. There have been some significant advances in our knowledge on opioid pharmacology and clinical usage in companion animal medicine. This review discusses the progression of opioid use in small animal practice providing current misconceptions and controversies in light of routes of administration. Potential targets for research and drug development and novel therapies are discussed in addition to the concepts of glial cell modulators, individual variability, and opioid tolerance and hyperalgesia. The future brings an interesting perspective with the application of pharmacogenetics and individualized pain management in canine and feline practice.

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“…They recommend that this technique be integrated into multimodal approaches to pain management in rabbits undergoing thoracic limb surgery [10]. Ghadirian et al, 2016 did the comparison of lidocaine, lidocaine-morphine, lidocainetramadol or bupivacaine for neural blockade of the brachial plexus in fat-tailed lambs and concluded that the addition of morphine or tramadol to lidocaine did not affect the duration of antinociception of lidocaine for brachial plexus block in fat-tailed lambs [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of Conventional Anatomical Landmark Guided, Perineural Ultrasound Guided and Perivascular Colour Doppler Guided Brachial Plexus Block In Sheep

Mirza¹

2017

IJRASET

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Thirty six adult sheep irrespective of sex, randomly allotted to six groups i.e., A, B, C, D, E & F with six animals each formed the subjects of study with the objectives to identify the window most feasible and an alternative site to conventional site for localization of brachial plexus in adult sheep and its subsequent blockade under ultra sonographic guidance; to compare the perineural brachial plexus blockade (BPB) using ultrasound guidance and perivascular BPB using color doppler and to ascertain possible dose regimen variation and anesthetic effect with and without ultrasound guidance. All the animals received 0.75% ropivacaine hydrochloride @ 3mg/kgBW. Perineural ultrasound guided BPB was performed in animals of group A & B, in which group A animals received ropivacaine whereas group B animals received additional 4mg isoflupredone, perivascular colour doppler guided BPB was performed in groups E & F, in which received ropivacaine and ropivacaine plus 4mg isoflupredone respectively. BPB in groups C & D was performed using landmark approach using ropivacainein group C and additional 4mg isoflupredone in group D. We identified the ultrasound scanning window. The perivascular and perineural BPB allowed a feasible and accurate access to BP and significantly shortened the onset and prolonged the duration of anesthesia as compared to conventional technique of BPB. By incorporating 4mg isoflupredone, ropivacaine dose was reduced by 15mg. Therefore, it could be concluded that this anesthetic regimen can provide a very good anesthesia for forelimb surgery upto four hours duration in sheep.

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Comparison of lidocaine, lidocaine-morphine, lidocaine-tramadol or bupivacaine for neural blockade of the brachial plexus in fat-tailed lambs

Cited by 21 publications

References 33 publications

Nerve Stimulator-Guided Brachial Plexus Block Performed in the Amputation of a Calf’s Forelimb

Nerve Stimulator-Guided Brachial Plexus Block Performed in the Amputation of a Calf’s Forelimb

The present and future of opioid analgesics in small animal practice

Comparative Evaluation of Conventional Anatomical Landmark Guided, Perineural Ultrasound Guided and Perivascular Colour Doppler Guided Brachial Plexus Block In Sheep

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