Comparison of ketamine, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, and ANA-12 antidepressant effects in the social defeat stress model of depression

Abstract

Compared with 7,8-DHF and ANA-12, ketamine is a longer-lasting antidepressant in the social defeat stress model, and synaptogenesis may be required for the mechanisms that promote sustained antidepressant effects of ketamine.

Prophylactic effects of sulforaphane on depression-like behavior and dendritic changes in mice after inflammation

“…Briefly, images of dendrites within CA1, CA3 and DG of the hippocampus, PFC and NAc were captured using a 100× objective with a Keyence BZ-9000 GenerationIImicroscope (Osaka, Japan). Spines were counted along CA1, CA3, DG, PFC and NAc dendrites starting from their point of origin from the primary dendrite, as previously reported [43,[45][46][47]. For spine density measurements, all clearly evaluable areas containing 50-100 μm of secondary dendrites from each imaged neuron were used.…”

“…The mice brain sample of CA1, CA3 and DG of the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) were prepared as previously reported [43,45,46]. Tissue samples were homogenized in Laemmli lysis buffer.…”

Gene deficiency and pharmacological inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase confers resilience to repeated social defeat stress

“…In this study, we found that BDNF protein in the PFC and hippocampus, but not the NAc, of sEH KO mice was higher than that of WT mice, and that the p-TrkB/TrkB ratio in the PFC and hippocampus of sEH KO mice was also higher than that of WT mice, indicating increased BDNF-TrkB signaling in the PFC and hippocampus in the sEH KO mice. Previously, we reported that inflammation, social defeat stress, and learned helplessness caused decreased BDNF-TrkB signaling in the PFC and hippocampus, while increasing signals in the NAc, inducing depression-like behavior in rodents (36)(37)(38)(39)(40). Interestingly, we reported that regional differences in BDNF levels in the PFC and hippocampus of rat brain may contribute to resilience to inescapable stress (38).…”

“…In addition, most current antidepressants can take weeks before patients or animal models feel the full antidepressant effects (42,43). Recently, we reported that a single dose of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine (or R-ketamine) showed a rapid antidepressant effect in the social defeat stress model (37,39), consistent with rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine in treatmentresistant patients with depression (44)(45)(46). However, ketamine leads to psychotomimetic side effects and abuse liability that appears to be absent in the case of TPPU.…”

“…Previous reports demonstrated that the prefrontal cortex (PFC), CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, striatum, and nucleus accumbens (NAc) play a role in the depression-like behaviors in rodents after inflammation, social defeat stress, and learned helplessness (36)(37)(38)(39)(40). We examined whether sEH protein is altered in the brain tissues from mice after LPS (0.5 mg/kg) administration (Fig.…”