Comparison of K-doped and pure cold-rolled tungsten sheets: As-rolled condition and recrystallization behaviour after isochronal annealing at different temperatures

Abstract

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EBSD characterization of pure and K-doped tungsten fibers annealed at different temperatures

“…This feature points out that recrystallization occurs by continuous sub-grain coarsening, also called extended recovery or continuous recrystallization. This mechanism was also suggested by Lied et al [44] to occur during recrystallization of pure and K-doped cold-rolled W sheets.…”

Neutron irradiation hardening across ITER diverter tungsten armor

“…Dislocation density reported elsewhere for the IGP, IGP_RX, W0.5ZrC and HDK materials is provided in Table 1. .77 [39] 15.78 [39] 31.45 [39] 4.5×10 12 4.54 IGP-RX Pure W (> 99.97 %) 31.67 [39] 60.38 [39] 108.40 [39] 2.0×10 12 3.79 HDK Pure W + 60 ppm of K [42] 3.47 [40] 26.52 [40] 111.05 [40] 9.84×10 13 5.59 ALMT Pure W (> 99.97 %) 4.26 [39] 9.93 [39] 19.24 [39] n.a. 4.94 W0.5ZrC 99.5 % W + 0.5 % ZrC [43] 2.55 [40] 6.66 [41] 14.15 [40] 1.03×10 13 5.31…”

Microstructural evolution in single tungsten fiber-reinforced tungsten composites during annealing: recrystallization and abnormal grain growth

“…Several pure tungsten plates warm-or cold-rolled to different rolling reductions have been studied in terms of their thermal stability (see e.g. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]). Moderately rolled tungsten plates (see [15][16][17][18][19]) are sufficiently thermally stable to withstand microstructural changes at the expected temperatures of 800 °C for the first wall, but will not be able to endure the higher expected divertor temperatures of 1100 °C and above for the required two years.…”

“…More recently, attempts were undertaken to utilize potassium-doping also for cold-rolled tungsten plates (e.g. [21]).…”