Comparison of Isoflurane and Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Holstein Calves for Placement of Portal and Jugular Vein Cannulas

Abstract

Isoflurane and sevoflurane are the two most commonly used inhalation anesthetics in veterinary medicine today. This study compared the anesthetic effects between isoflurane and sevoflurane in 17 calves undergoing surgery for placement of portal and jugular vein cannulas. Using a randomized control trial, calves were assigned to receive sevoflurane or isoflurane. Anesthesia was induced with xylazine and ketamine then maintained with the assigned inhalation anesthetic. Parameters for heart rate, respiratory rate, indirect blood pressures, oxygen hemoglobin saturation and end-tidal carbon dioxide were monitored and recorded during surgery. The anesthetic concentrations of the vaporizers were adjusted according to the calves' responses, e.g., blood pressure, eye position, respiratory and heart rate, to surgical stimulation. Upon discontinuation of the inhalation anesthetic, calves were placed in sternal recumbency and recovery variables including time to extubation, time to first movement, attempts to stand and time to standing were observed and recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-sample t-test on the recorded variables. There were no statistical differences between isoflurane and sevoflurane for any of the parameters recorded during anesthetic maintenance or recovery. The results of this study showed a faster time to first movement and extubation, 3.38±1.85 min and 11.75±3.73 min for sevoflurane compared to 7.56±5.34 min and 15.56±8.69 min for isoflurane, respectively. Attempts to stand were 3.00±2.14 for sevoflurane and 3.22±1.79 for isoflurane. Though the time to standing during recovery was not statistically different between anesthetics, the values did indicate a quicker trend of recovery from sevoflurane. Both inhalation anesthetics produced comparable anesthetic qualities and there were no statistical differences between the parameters recorded during maintenance of anesthesia. On the basis of the reported results, sevoflurane and isoflurane are suitable inhalation anesthetics for use in calves. However, present cost of sevoflurane is a limiting factor for its use in food animals.

Ankara keçilerinde ovariektomi operasyonlarında tiopental-sevofluran ile tiopental-isofluran’ın kardiyovasküler sistem üzerine etkilerinin karşılaştırılması

“…In previous studies, the time to standing was shorter for sevoflurane than isoflurane anaesthesia in horse, sheep, calf, lamb, goat and dog [3,4,13,[20][21][22]. It was reported that sheep were extubated in 6.37 and 7.66 minutes when anaesthetized with isoflorane and sevoflurane, respectively [6].…”

Comparison of Clinical and Hemodynamic Effects of Isoflurane and Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Calves

“…As the dose increases, depression deepens in spontaneous ventilation [9,21]. Studies have reported that sevoflurane anesthesia induces respiratory depression in cattle [35], cats [21], and dogs [10], and that isoflurane induces respiratory depression in cattle [35] in a dose dependent manner. In the present study, the respiratory rate decreased after premedication and increased after induction and during anesthesia for both groups.…”

“…The effect of isoflurane anesthesia on heart rate has been stated to vary among different species of animals and according to age. For example, an increased heart rate has been reported in dogs [12], horses [39], bulls [15], and cattle [35], and a decreased heart rate in lambs [5], sheep [13], and pigs [32]. In dogs, the heart rate either rises or remains stable [38] by increasing the alveolar concentration in the inhalation anesthetic, or it drops by an increase in anesthetic depth due to increasing vagal tonus [17].…”

Preanesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia

“…New agents, including isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane have been used successfully in small ruminants (Hikasa et al, 1998;Greene et al, 2002;Mohamadnia et al, 2008;Sellers et al, 2013). Inhalant anesthetics provide the benefit of rapid adjustment of anesthetic depth and relatively rapid smooth recovery from anesthesia.…”

“…Therefore, induction, change in depth of anesthesia and recovery is more rapid than with isoflurane. Because sevoflurane is approximately seven times the cost of isoflurane and a higher MAC is required for a surgical plane of anesthesia, any advantages of this agent may be outweighed by the cost per volume of inhalant needed (Sellers et al, 2013). LABORATORY ANIMAL MEDICINE et al, 1998, 2002Greene et al, 2002;Mohamadnia et al, 2008;Sellers et al, 2013).…”