Comparison of iron ore reduction in experimental blast furnace and laboratory scale simulation of blast furnace process

Sterneland, Jerker; Andersson, Matts; Jönsson, Pär G.

doi:10.1179/030192303225003980

Cited by 16 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…The ARUL test is a dynamic reduction and softening test for pellets, sinters and lump ores that was developed at Rautaruukki (now a part of SSAB Europe) for both research and quality control purposes to study the high-temperature properties of iron burden materials. 23 Fig. 1.…”

Section: Reduction-softening Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another weakness is that some softening studies comprise only an individual pellet 16,17) or a couple of pellets 2,3,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15]18) instead of a packed bed of pellets. 7,8,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Studies 2,7,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] have been carried out for iron ore pellets under load dynamically from ambient temperature to elevated temperatures using a simulated BF gas. Recently, Guha and Sinha 29) presented a modified softening-melting test with a possibility to use a gas composition varying with temperature/time to better simulate the actual conditions in a BF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating the Reduction-Softening Behaviour of Blast Furnace Burden with an Advanced Test

et al. 2016

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A ferrous burden loses its permeability in the cohesive zone of a Blast Furnace (BF), where the iron burden materials soften and melt. A tailor-made, high-temperature furnace named ARUL (Advanced Reduction under Load) was used here to study the reduction-softening behaviour of acid and olivine pellets and basic sinter under simulated BF gas, temperature and pressure conditions.The ARUL test showed the best reduction-softening properties for the basic sinter. The sinter sample resisted up to 1 329°C and achieved a reduction degree of 90.2% until a gas-impermeable structure was formed in a packed bed, whereas the acid pellet lost its permeability at 1 160°C and only reduced to a reduction degree of 48.7%. The olivine pellet had intermediate reduction-softening properties with a final temperature of 1 252°C and a final reduction degree of 68.7%. The differences between the test materials were assessed as being caused mainly by different chemistry, but it was also revealed that the sinter sample remained its macro-porosity markedly better in relation to the pellets, providing routes for reducing gases.The experimental results were compared to the phase diagrams calculated with the computational thermodynamic software FactSage. Phase diagrams for the 5-component FeO-SiO 2 -CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 systems with constant CaO, MgO and Al 2 O 3 contents were used to estimate the formation of liquid phases in the test materials. The computed phase diagrams gave an estimate of the liquid formation; however, some limitations were also found in the utilization of the computations because of the need to define the system in certain simplicity.

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Section: Reduction-softening Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Reduction-Softening Behaviour of Blast Furnace Burden with an Advanced Test

et al. 2016

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“…A high temperature, at which the gas-impermeable layer is formed, is favourable in the blast furnace process, as it provides more space for gaseous reduction (Sterneland et al, 2003). A high share of gaseous reduction leads to less FeO in the primary slag melt and to lower direct reduction rates, resulting in decreased coke consumption in the blast furnace process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the relatively low test temperature, liquid phases do not form when using traditional iron-bearing materials and the focus is only on the reduction of iron oxides under mechanical and chemical stress. Sterneland et al (2003) found the softening and melting behaviour to be the same in the RUL laboratory test as in the experimental blast furnace (EBF) located in Luleå. However, the progress of reduction down through the burden of the experimental blast furnace was similar, but not identical, to the results of the RUL experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Effect of adding limestone on the metallurgical properties of iron ore pellets

Iljana

Kemppainen

Paananen

et al. 2015

International Journal of Mineral Processing

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In order to produce high-quality pellets with good reducibility and superior softening and melting properties, certain additives are important. One of the most common fluxing materials for iron ore pellet production is limestone, which is mainly calcium oxide (CaO). In this study, the effect of adding limestone on the metallurgical properties (reducibility, swelling, cracking, softening temperature, Low-Temperature Disintegration, Cold Crushing Strength) of acid iron ore pellets was investigated using a comprehensive set of metallurgical laboratory tests. The dynamic reducibility test under unconstrained conditions showed a higher final degree of reduction in limestone-fluxed pellets compared to non-fluxed ones. Also in the reduction-softening test under load, the fluxed pellets reduced to a higher final degree of reduction, although they started to soften at a somewhat lower temperature. Swelling and cracking of the pellets during dynamic reduction were slightly increased by the addition of limestone, but not remarkably. Adding limestone slightly decreased the Cold Crushing Strength and increased the formation of fines in the hematite to magnetite reduction stage in the LTD test. However, all four parameters (CCS, LTD, swelling, and cracking) are within the acceptable range for blast furnace use.

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“…HE iron ore pellet is one of the most common burdens in blast furnace [1,2]. The Grate-Kiln-Cooler system is widely used in the production of iron ore pellets, due to the even baking, and also a good quality with low energy consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forecast for the thermal state index of pellet mine based on artificial neural network

Liu

Jifan

2011

2011 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC)

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Three models of artificial neural network were established to predict the thermal state indexes (RDI, RI, RSI) of iron ore pellets. Initial input factors of the networks were found according to the pellet mine theory. Then sensitivity analysis was used to quantify the importance of each input variable and reduce the networks' input dimensionality. At last, minimum sets of input factors of networks were found to improve the accuracy of network prediction. Simulation results show that the prediction models meet the actual engineering application requirement.

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Comparison of iron ore reduction in experimental blast furnace and laboratory scale simulation of blast furnace process

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

Evaluating the Reduction-Softening Behaviour of Blast Furnace Burden with an Advanced Test

Evaluating the Reduction-Softening Behaviour of Blast Furnace Burden with an Advanced Test

Effect of adding limestone on the metallurgical properties of iron ore pellets

Forecast for the thermal state index of pellet mine based on artificial neural network

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