Comparison of invertebrate biodiversity in New Zealand apple orchards using integrated pest management, with or without codling moth mating disruption, or organic pest management

Malone, Louise A.; Burgess, Elisabeth P. J.; Barraclough, Emma I.; Poulton, Joanne; Todd, Jacqui H.

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2017.06.046

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Enhanced biodiversity is a concrete tool to strengthen farm efficiency by enabling important ecological services as pollination or shelter to beneficial arthropods, pests and weed control (Simon et al, 2011;Campbell et al, 2017;Herz et al, 2019;Mia et al, 2021;Fountain, 2022) and maintenance of soil fertility (Mia et al, 2020). However, increased biodiversity in organic farms is generally not sufficient to adequately control harmful pests, which forces the farmer to use authorized plant protection products that can also negatively affect the biodiversity, including that of soil, even though likely to a lesser extent than conventional farming (Malone et al, 2017;Brühl et al, 2022). Research is thus needed to identify site adapted strategies reducing pests' occurrence in organic systems while keeping high the degree of on farm biodiversity.…”

Section: The Need For Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges for the European research in organic fruit production

Malusà,

Neri

2023

Front. Hortic.

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The market for organic products in the European Union (EU) has recorded a growth rate of 8% in 2019, to reach a value of retail sales of about EUR 41.4 billion (Travnıćěk et al., 2021), in line with the global trend (Willer and Lernoud, 2021), transforming the sector from a niche into one of the pillars of agri-food production systems. The production sector has responded with a more than 50% increase of the share of EU agricultural land managed according to organic farming rules over the period 2012-2020, achieving 14.8 million ha (9.1% of the total EU agricultural land) in 2020, with fruit, olives and grape crops representing 11% of the organic land area (European Commission, 2023). This situation has been reached also as a result of several EU policies (e.g. through the Common Agricultural Policy) developed since the first enactment of EU rules on organic products in 1991, up to the recent Green Deal and Farm to Fork strategies (European Commission, 2020) and the Action Plan on organic farming (European Commission, 2021).To achieve the target of 25% of total agricultural production by 2030 set in the abovementioned EU policy documents, the number of organic producers in the EU needs to increase at a faster rate and organic fruit growers need to increase their share of market supply. However, converting from conventional to organic production systems is a challenging path, as, particularly for fruit crops, organic fruit production is technically demanding and knowledge-intensive, thus requiring knowledge sharing as well as dedicated research (Malusà et al., 2022). Research activity shall particularly focus on the topics that are mostly demanded by farmers and advisors, as recently emerged from an EUwide survey: plant protection, management of soil and its fertility, improvement of functional biodiversity, varieties and rootstocks suitable for organic cropping systems (Furmanczyk et al., 2022;Parveaud et al., 2022). However, it is our opinion that since the research activity shall support transdisciplinary professional skills in fruit growers and advisors, the correct approach of future research in organic fruit production shall take into consideration also some challenges deriving from the overall trends currently occurring Frontiers in Horticulture frontiersin.org 01

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Section: The Need For Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges for the European research in organic fruit production

Malusà,

Neri

2023

Front. Hortic.

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“…Numerous studies have shown that organically managed farming systems support a diversity of invertebrates that differs from that found under other management systems (Suckling et al ., ; Markó et al ., ; Todd et al ., ; Wearing et al ., , ; Mates et al ., ; Malagnoux et al ., ; Dib et al ., ). Apple orchards in New Zealand are no exception, with a recent study showing significant differences in the composition of invertebrate communities in orchards managed organically compared with those operating under an integrated fruit production (IFP) system (Malone et al ., ). Organic production systems are constrained by rules forbidding some agrichemical inputs, although the suite of practices used may still vary from orchard to orchard depending on the demands of the site and the preferences of the manager.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Invertebrate biodiversity in apple orchards: agrichemical sprays as explanatory variables for inter‐orchard community differences

Malone

Burgess

Barraclough

et al. 2017

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 Invertebrates are important providers of ecosystem services to orchards and the orchards may benefit where there is greater biodiversity. Previous research has shown that apple orchards using organic or integrated pest management support different invertebrate communities, as can different orchards within the same management system. 2 In the present study, we examined the potential for agrichemical usage to explain inter-orchard invertebrate community differences in 10 New Zealand apple orchards under integrated pest management. 3 Multiple regression models were used to examine relationships between spray diary data and invertebrates collected by branch tapping, pitfall and sticky traps in 2011/2012. Insecticides, fungicides, plant growth regulators and fertilizers were used as explanatory variables in these models and the most parsimonious models were identified. 4 Plant growth regulators were significant in most of the models for inter-orchard variability in total invertebrate diversity. Insecticides featured strongly in models explaining pest assemblages, although not so strongly for models for their natural enemies. Fungicide and fertilizer use featured in models explaining communities of decomposers and fungivores. 5 The results generated several hypotheses about the impacts of specific agrichemicals on invertebrate biodiversity, which, if tested, could establish the feasibility of customizing spray schedules to meet both biodiversity and production goals. orchard to orchard depending on the demands of the site and the preferences of the manager. Similarly, those producing apples using the IFP system may employ a range of different practices to optimize the outputs from each orchard block and to meet specific production goals for access to particular markets. It appears likely that these differences in the suites of practices used in each orchard could at least partially explain inter-orchard variation in invertebrate diversity within a set of orchards using the same production system. If this is the case, then it raises the possibility of customizing management practices to support invertebrate communities that will fulfil particular biodiversity goals. Many factors can influence invertebrate populations in orchards, including agrichemical use, crop species, soil type, altitude, aspect, climate, seasons and weather. Neighbouring land uses, proximity of alternative resources for invertebrates, the composition of plant communities in the understorey and

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A shift towards softer pest management differently benefits earwig and spider communities in a multiyear experiment in apple orchards

Simon,

Riotord,

Morel

et al. 2024

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUNDEnvironmentally‐friendly crop protection practices are needed to enhance the sustainability of current agricultural systems. This is crucial in orchards which are extensively treated to impair various pests, at the expense of natural enemies. However, the effect of a shift towards softer pest management on the beneficial arthropod community is poorly documented. Earwigs (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) and spiders (Araneae) are relevant groups to assess such effects because they are highly sensitive to agricultural practices. They were monitored for 6 and 4 years, respectively, in apple orchards under three pest management regimes: Organic, Low‐input and Conventional, with pest management being switched during the survey from a broad‐spectrum insecticide schedule to mating disruption in the latter one, and more selective compounds in all orchards.RESULTSThe survey displayed that earwig abundance (mainly Forficula auricularia) that was initially very low in the Conventional orchard (annual mean 0.5–1.7 earwigs per shelter in the 2010–2012 period) increased to the same level as that of Low‐input and Organic orchards (over 10 earwigs per shelter) in the same year that changes in pest management occurred. The epigeal and arboreal spider communities were not responsive, and no recovering was observed 4 years after change in practices.CONCLUSIONPredatory arthropod communities are differently affected over time by changes in pest management, most probably due to their biology (dispersion, reproduction rate, susceptibility to pesticides etc.). This outlines the importance of documenting the time required to recover after perturbations and build a natural enemy community to enhance pest control in a win‐win perspective. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Comparison of invertebrate biodiversity in New Zealand apple orchards using integrated pest management, with or without codling moth mating disruption, or organic pest management

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Challenges for the European research in organic fruit production

Challenges for the European research in organic fruit production

Invertebrate biodiversity in apple orchards: agrichemical sprays as explanatory variables for inter‐orchard community differences

A shift towards softer pest management differently benefits earwig and spider communities in a multiyear experiment in apple orchards

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