Comparison of intratumor and local immune response between MV X-ray FLASH and conventional radiotherapies

Zhu, Hongyu; Xie, Donglai; Wang, Ying; Huang, Runda; Chen, Xi; Yang, Yiwei; Wang, Bin; Peng, Yinglin; Wang, Jianxin; Xiao, Dexin; Wu, Dongxu; Qian, Chao‐Nan; Deng, Xia

doi:10.1016/j.ctro.2022.11.005

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…When compared to CONV, FLASH has been shown to boost T-lymphocyte recruitment into the tumor for lung treatment in mice. Furthermore, FLASH RT has been shown to promote immune cell infiltration of T cells and myeloid cells into tumor regions [12,74,75].…”

Section: What Is Flash-rt? Non-exclusive Hypotheses To Explain the Fl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

FLASH Radiation Therapy — Key physical irradiation parameters and beam characteristics

Boudaghi Malidarreh,

Zakaly

2024

J. Inst.

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FLASH-RT represents a novel therapeutic radiation modality that holds remarkable potential for mitigating radiation therapy's adverse side effects. This cutting-edge technology allows for sparing healthy tissue while precisely targeting cancerous cells. This is possible by administering an ultra-high-dose-rate in less than a few hundred milliseconds. FLASH-RT has demonstrated impressive results in small-animal models, prompting scientists to adapt and advance existing technologies to make it a viable treatment option for humans. However, producing the ultra-high-dose-rate radiation required for the therapy remains a significant challenge. Several radiation sources, such as very high energy electrons (VHEEs), low energy electrons, x-rays, and protons, have been studied for their ability to deliver the necessary dose. Among them, FLASH-x-ray has gained the most attention owing to its capacity to penetrate deep-seated tumors. Despite the complexity of the process, the potential advantages of FLASH-RT made it an exciting area of research. To achieve the FLASH effect, high-frequency, pulsed irradiated accelerator technology can be employed. Sparing healthy tissue may allow for more aggressive and effective cancer treatments, leading to a better quality of life for patients. Ongoing research and development will be necessary to refine and optimize this approach to radiation therapy.

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Section: What Is Flash-rt? Non-exclusive Hypotheses To Explain the Fl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

FLASH Radiation Therapy — Key physical irradiation parameters and beam characteristics

Boudaghi Malidarreh,

Zakaly

2024

J. Inst.

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“…When compared to CONV, FLASH has been shown to boost T-lymphocyte recruitment into the tumour for lung treatment in mice. Furthermore, FLASH RT has been shown to promote immune cell infiltration of T cells and myeloid cells into tumour regions [12,73,74].…”

Section: What Is Flash-rt? Non-exclusive Hypotheses To Explain Flash ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the intended use of the radiation, the typical rectangular pulse lasts 3.3 to 20 milliseconds. The majority of Linacs have pulse durations of 3-5 seconds and repetition rates of 200-400Hz, whereas cyclotron-based proton beams are categorized as quasicontinuous due to their short pulse durations and repetition rates of a few nanoseconds [12,73,74]. Furthermore, a specific beam's Dose Per Pulse, Dose Rate, Mean Dose Rate, and Total Treatment Time are crucial in describing the beam's characteristics.…”

Section: High Frequency Pulsed Beamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

FLASH Radiation Therapy- Key Physical Irradiation Parameters and Beam Characteristics

boodaghi malidarre,

Zakaly

2023

Preprint

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FLASH-RT represents a novel therapeutic radiation modality that holds remarkable potential for mitigating radiation therapy’s adverse side effects. This cutting-edge technology allows for the sparing of healthy tissue while precisely targeting cancerous cells by administering an ultra-high dose-rates of typically between 10 and 30 Gy in less than a few hundred milliseconds. FLASH-RT has demonstrated impressive results in small-animal models, prompting scientists to adapt and advance existing technologies to make it a viable treatment option for humans. However, producing the ultra-high-dose-rate radiation required for the therapy remains a significant challenge. Several radiation sources, such as very high energy electrons (VHEEs), low energy electrons, x-rays, and protons, have been studied for their ability to deliver the necessary dose. Among them, FLASH-x-ray has gained the most attention owing to its capacity to penetrate deeply seated tumours. Despite the complexity of the process, the potential advantages of FLASH-RT make it an exciting area of research. To achieve the FLASH effect, high-frequency, pulsed irradiated accelerator technology can be employed. Sparing healthy tissue, it may allow for more aggressive and effective cancer treatments, leading to a better quality of life for patients. Ongoing research and development will be necessary to refine and optimize this approach to radiation therapy.

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“…The UHDRs associated with FLASH-RT demand specialized equipment and sophisticated techniques that are not readily available in standard experimental setups such as the UHDR radiation sources [19,26]. Moreover, the rapid nature of FLASH radiation delivery poses challenges in capturing real-time cellular responses, making it intricate to dissect the precise mechanisms involved [27]. Despite these challenges, gaining a profound understanding of the cell-killing and cell-sparing mechanisms associated with FLASH-RT is crucial for advancing its clinical application, guiding treatment planning, and ultimately improving the overall efficacy and safety of cancer radiotherapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Action in FLASH Radiotherapy: A Comprehensive Review of Physicochemical and Biological Processes on Cancerous and Normal Cells

Chow,

Ruda

2024

Cells

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The advent of FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) has brought forth a paradigm shift in cancer treatment, showcasing remarkable normal cell sparing effects with ultra-high dose rates (>40 Gy/s). This review delves into the multifaceted mechanisms underpinning the efficacy of FLASH effect, examining both physicochemical and biological hypotheses in cell biophysics. The physicochemical process encompasses oxygen depletion, reactive oxygen species, and free radical recombination. In parallel, the biological process explores the FLASH effect on the immune system and on blood vessels in treatment sites such as the brain, lung, gastrointestinal tract, skin, and subcutaneous tissue. This review investigated the selective targeting of cancer cells and the modulation of the tumor microenvironment through FLASH-RT. Examining these mechanisms, we explore the implications and challenges of integrating FLASH-RT into cancer treatment. The potential to spare normal cells, boost the immune response, and modify the tumor vasculature offers new therapeutic strategies. Despite progress in understanding FLASH-RT, this review highlights knowledge gaps, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize its clinical applications. The synthesis of physicochemical and biological insights serves as a comprehensive resource for cell biology, molecular biology, and biophysics researchers and clinicians navigating the evolution of FLASH-RT in cancer therapy.

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Comparison of intratumor and local immune response between MV X-ray FLASH and conventional radiotherapies

Cited by 7 publications

References 38 publications

FLASH Radiation Therapy — Key physical irradiation parameters and beam characteristics

FLASH Radiation Therapy — Key physical irradiation parameters and beam characteristics

FLASH Radiation Therapy- Key Physical Irradiation Parameters and Beam Characteristics

Mechanisms of Action in FLASH Radiotherapy: A Comprehensive Review of Physicochemical and Biological Processes on Cancerous and Normal Cells

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