1990
DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(90)90053-o
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Comparison of intranasal inoculation of influenza HA vaccine combined with cholera toxin B subunit with oral or parenteral vaccination

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Cited by 119 publications
(53 citation statements)
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“…Similar findings were made by Hirabayashi et al (12). In the current study, we did not observe higher mucosal immune responses in mice immunized with Salmonella expressing SBR-CTA2/B compared to mice immunized with Salmonella expressing SBR alone.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
“…Similar findings were made by Hirabayashi et al (12). In the current study, we did not observe higher mucosal immune responses in mice immunized with Salmonella expressing SBR-CTA2/B compared to mice immunized with Salmonella expressing SBR alone.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
“…As with MV, the nasal route was more effective than the oral immunization when CTB was used as adjuvant to immunize BALB/c mice against influenza (Hirabayashi et al, 1990) or Sendai virus (Liang et al, 1988). Our findings are in line with these and other observations that BALB/c mice are low responders after intragastric immunization.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Importantly, intranasal vaccination can be self‐administered and is needle‐free, thus facilitating an efficient mass‐vaccination regime and reducing the risk of accidental infection by blood‐borne pathogens 17 . Also, intranasal vaccination with influenza antigen resembles natural infection and can elicit both systemic and local immune responses 18 , 19 , 20 . The local mucosal antibodies limit epithelial contact and protect mucosal surfaces from invading infectious agents 21 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%