Comparison of interspecific competition and N use in pea–barley, faba bean–barley and lupin–barley intercrops grown at two temperate locations

Knudsen, Marie Trydeman; Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik; Jørnsgård, Bjarne; Jensen, Erik Steen

doi:10.1017/s0021859604004745

Cited by 76 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Yet, as we indicated above, intercrops would be a way of improving harvested grain quality and in particular its protein concentration compared with the traditional sole cropping (e.g. Jensen 1996a; Knudsen et al 2004;Gooding et al 2007;Bedoussac and Justes 2010a;Naudin et al 2010). Our results confirm that the protein concentration of the intercropped cereal is almost always greater than that of the respective cereal sole crop (Fig.…”

Section: Intercropping Improves the Protein Concentration Of The Ceresupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Intercropping has also been shown to: (i) improve soil conservation (Anil et al 1998), (ii) favour weed control (Banik et al 2006;Corre-Hellou et al 2011), (iii) reduce pests and diseases (Trenbath 1993;Altieri 1999;Hauggaard-Nielsen et al 2007;Corre-Hellou and Crozat 2005;Ratnadass et al 2012) and (iv) provide better lodging resistance (Anil et al 1998). Hauggaard-Nielsen et al (2007);(2001a, 2001b; Knudsen et al (2004) and Naudin et al (2009) HW durum wheat, SW soft wheat, B barley, F faba bean, P pea, NO no N-fertilization N organic N-fertilization Willey and Osiru (1972):…”

Section: Advantages Expected By Cereal/legume Intercroppingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological principles underlying the increase of productivity achieved by cereal-grain legume intercrops in organic farming. A review

Bedoussac¹,

Journet

Hauggaard-Nielsen

et al. 2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

546

460

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World population is projected to reach over nine billion by the year 2050, and ensuring food security while mitigating environmental impacts represents a major agricultural challenge. Thus, higher productivity must be reached through sustainable production by taking into account climate change, resources rarefaction like phosphorus and water, and losses of fertile lands. Enhancing crop diversity is increasingly recognized as a crucial lever for sustainable agro-ecological development. Growing legumes, a major biological nitrogen source, is also a powerful option to reduce synthetic nitrogen fertilizers use and associated fossil energy consumption. Organic farming, which does not allow the use of chemical, is also regarded as one prototype to enhance the sustainability of modern agriculture while decreasing environmental impacts. Here, we review the potential advantages of eco-functional intensification in organic farming by intercropping cereal and grain legume species sown and harvested together. Our review is based on a literature analysis reinforced with integration of an original dataset of 58 field experiments conducted since 2001 in contrasted pedo-climatic European conditions in order to generalize the findings and draw up common guidelines. The major points are that intercropping lead to: (i) higher and more stable grain yield than the mean sole crops (0.33 versus 0.27 kg m −2 ), (ii) higher cereal protein concentration than in sole crop (11.1 versus 9.8 %), (iii) higher and more stable gross margin than the mean sole crops (702 versus 577€ha −1 ) and (iv) improved use of abiotic resources according to species complementarities for light interception and use of both soil mineral nitrogen and atmospheric N 2 . Intercropping is particularly suited for low-nitrogen availability systems but further mechanistic understanding is required to propose generic crop management procedures. Also, development of this practice must be achieved with the collaboration of value chain actors such as breeders to select cultivars suited to intercropping.

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Section: Intercropping Improves the Protein Concentration Of The Ceresupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Advantages Expected By Cereal/legume Intercroppingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological principles underlying the increase of productivity achieved by cereal-grain legume intercrops in organic farming. A review

Bedoussac¹,

Journet

Hauggaard-Nielsen

et al. 2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

546

460

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“…According to Unkovich et al (1994) levels of d 15 N in the reference plants should preferably be above 2.0% using natural abundance technique with a d 15 N difference between the reference crop (oat) and the B value which should be above 1.0% (Table 1). The B values used were -0.72% for pea and -0.60 and -0.55% for faba bean and lupin, respectively (Knudsen et al 2004).…”

Section: Sampling and Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Denmark, pea is grown more frequently than faba bean and lupin because of their late maturity (Knudsen et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen dynamics following grain legumes and subsequent catch crops and the effects on succeeding cereal crops

Hauggaard-Nielsen

Mundus

Jensen

2009

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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The effects of faba bean, lupin, pea and oat crops, with and without an undersown grassclover mixture as a nitrogen (N) catch crop, on subsequent spring wheat followed by winter triticale crops were determined by aboveground dry matter (DM) harvests, nitrate (NO 3 ) leaching measurements and soil N balances. A 2-year lysimeter experiment was carried out on a temperate sandy loam soil. Crops were not fertilized in the experimental period and the natural 15 N abundance technique was used to determine grain legume N 2 fixation. Faba bean total aboveground DM production was significantly higher (1,300 g m -2 ) compared to lupin (950 g m -2 ), pea (850 g m -2 ) and oat (1,100 g m -2 ) independent of the catch crop strategy. Faba bean derived more than 90% of its N from N 2 fixation, which was unusually high as compared to lupin (70-75%) and pea (50-60%). No effect of preceding crop was observed on the subsequent spring wheat or winter triticale DM production. Nitrate leaching following grain legumes was significantly reduced with catch crops compared to without catch crops during autumn and winter before sowing subsequent spring wheat. Soil N balances were calculated from monitored N leaching from the lysimeters, and measured N-accumulation from the leguminous species, as N-fixation minus N removed in grains including total N accumulation belowground according to Mayer et al. (2003a). Negative soil N balances for pea, lupin and oat indicated soil N depletion, but a positive faba bean soil N balance (11 g N m -2 ) after harvest indicated that more soil mineral N may have been available for subsequent cereals. However, the plant available N may have been taken up by the grass dominated grass-clover catch crop which together with microbial N immobilization and N losses could leave limited amounts of available N for uptake by the subsequent two cereal crops.

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“…Well mineralised cow manure and winter cover crops as green manure are used in organic farming to save soil fertility and enrich it with nitrogen (Chinthapalli et al, 2015). In addition to that, growing spring cereals with undersown legumes is considered to have a positive effect on soil fertility, enriching it with nitrogen, through symbiosis of legumes with nodule bacteria, and with organic matter due to the huge amount of crop residue left behind (Knudsen et al, 2004;Song et al, 2007). For stockless organic arable farms the cultivation of legumes is the most important source of nitrogen (Fuchs et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barley undersown with red clover in organic and conventional systems: nitrogen aftereffect on legume growth

Alaru

Talgre

Tein

et al. 2017

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

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Please use the following format when citing the article: Alaru M., Talgre L., Luik A., Tein B., Eremeev V., Loit E. 2017. Barley undersown with red clover in organic and conventional systems: nitrogen aftereffect on legume growth. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 104 (2) AbstractNitrogen (N) deficiency is a major problem in organic and low-input farming systems. Growing spring cereals with undersown legumes has a positive effect on soil fertility, enriching it with nitrogen, through symbiosis of legumes with nodule bacteria. Two hypotheses were tested: 1) undersowing of red clover increases the protein content of barley grains and 2) mineral N has negative aftereffect on growth of legume plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of organic (cattle manure, off-season cover crop) and mineral N in organic and conventional farming systems on (i) barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain yield and quality, (ii) biomass yield formation of undersown red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and (iii) the aftereffect of mineral and organic N fertilisers on the red clover crop biomass yield in the following year. The experiment was established in 2008 at the Estonian University of Life Sciences (58°22ʹ N, 26°40ʹ E) on the soil described as Stagnic Albic Luvisol (LV ab-st) (WRB, 2014) with sandy loam surface texture, 1.38% C, 0.13% N, 133 mg kg -1 P, 210 mg kg -1 K and pH KCl 6.0. The crops were treated using different farming systems: three organic (Org0, OrgI and OrgII) and four conventional (N0, N40, N80 and N120); nitrogen sources during crop cycle period: N0 and Org0 = symbiotically fixed atmospheric N 2 , N40 = N 2 + mineral N 40 kg ha -1 N, N80 = N 2 + mineral N 80 kg ha -1 N, N120 = N 2 + mineral N 120 kg ha -1 N, OrgI = N 2 + N taken up by cover crops (N CC ) and OrgII = N 2 + N CC + N applied with manure (N m ). Our study revealed that grain yield of barley was strongly affected by undersown red clover; because of competition for nutrients in cereallegume mixture the grain yield of barley in organic system was 11-61% lower than that in conventional system. The seed rate of undersown red clover (2.84 million viable seed per ha) was too high. The content of protein depended on the availability of mineralised nitrogen. The mean protein content of barley grains over the trial years and treatments was 99 ± 1.6 g kg -1 in the conventional system, which was 17% higher than that in the organic system. Undersowing of red clover had no significantly positive effect on the grain yield and protein content of barley. Mineral N fertiliser had no negative aftereffect on growth of the red clover crop the following year. Mean above ground biomass yield over the trial years for the red clover crop 2 nd cut was 17% higher in the conventional system than in the organic system.

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Comparison of interspecific competition and N use in pea–barley, faba bean–barley and lupin–barley intercrops grown at two temperate locations

Cited by 76 publications

References 26 publications

Ecological principles underlying the increase of productivity achieved by cereal-grain legume intercrops in organic farming. A review

Ecological principles underlying the increase of productivity achieved by cereal-grain legume intercrops in organic farming. A review

Nitrogen dynamics following grain legumes and subsequent catch crops and the effects on succeeding cereal crops

Barley undersown with red clover in organic and conventional systems: nitrogen aftereffect on legume growth

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