Comparison of image analysis and conventional methods for cellular tissue proportion measurement of wood

To enhance effective wood utilization, knowledge of the anatomical features that impact its service behavior is indispensable. The anatomical features of branchwood and stemwood of Betula costata Trautv. from natural secondary forests in central (Muzhaling mountain) and northeast (Maoershan mountain) China were studied to provide adequate information to enhance their efficient utilization, especially branchwood, whose use could widen the raw material base of the timber industry. Microtomed sections were employed to determine the tissue dimensions and proportions. Analyses of variance were used to test the anatomical feature differences between the two different sites, between the stemwood and branchwood, and between the heartwood and sapwood. The results showed that B. costata wood is diffuse-porous with more but narrower vessels located in the branch than in the stem. The branchwood also had a significantly higher fiber proportion than the stemwood. The sapwood exhibited significantly longer fibers than the heartwood. B. costata from Maoershan had significantly longer fibers, lower fiber proportions, larger fiber lumen diameter, and higher vessel density than that from Muzhaling. The results suggested that B. costata branchwood from Maoershan is suitable for papermaking and glued plates, while stemwood can be used for light construction purposes.

Section: Anatomical Features Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical features of branchwood and stemwood of Betula costata Trautv. from natural secondary forests in China

Zhao

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2019

“…Finally, vessel proportion was calculated from the ratio of sum of vessel grain areas to the whole image area. Certainly, the similar approach can be used in the same image to measuring the fiber proportion and ray proportion (Yu et al 2009). At least 60 measurements were performed for each sample per parameter.…”

Section: Fiber Morphological and Anatomic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of pulp production from whole-tree wood of Betula platyphylla Roth. based on wood characteristics

Zhao

Guo

Peng

et al. 2019

To ascertain the possibility of using branchwood, trunkwood, and rootwood of Betula platyphylla Roth. in papermaking, this study investigated tissue proportion, fiber features, and major chemical components in whole-tree wood of the tree species. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the rootwood had a significantly lower density and vessel proportion, higher ray proportion, wider lumen, and thicker wall of fiber than the trunkwood and branchwood (p <0.05). The branchwood had a significantly shorter fiber and smaller length/width than the trunkwood and rootwood (p <0.05). The trunkwood had significantly longer and narrower fibers with thinner wall and higher cellulose, but lower hemicelluloses than the branchwood and rootwood (p <0.05). The study concluded that the trunkwood of B. platyphylla was suitable for producing good paper, while the branchwood and rootwood met the basic requirements of papermaking and could be used to produce low-grade paper.

“…The study of wood tissue proportion is helpful to understand the correlation between wood element and wood properties, which can provide a reliable scientific basis for evaluation of wood quality and rational utilization of wood. Conventional methods of tissue proportion measurement are primarily weighing and gridcounting, and these have the deficiencies of less accuracy, time-consuming, and heavy load for the operators (Yu et al 2009). Technology development allows for digital transverse microstructure images to be photographed through the microscope and video camera; these images are then analyzed using computer image processing techniques to measure wood tissue proportion (Yu et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventional methods of tissue proportion measurement are primarily weighing and gridcounting, and these have the deficiencies of less accuracy, time-consuming, and heavy load for the operators (Yu et al 2009). Technology development allows for digital transverse microstructure images to be photographed through the microscope and video camera; these images are then analyzed using computer image processing techniques to measure wood tissue proportion (Yu et al 2009). The mechanical and physical properties of wood are important factors used to determine the suitability and application of wood material (Babiak et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical, physical, and mechanical parameters of clone plantation tree, Cunninghamia lanceolata

Song

et al. 2021

Anatomical characteristics of the plantation tree, Cunninghamia lanceolata were studied. Clonal variability and intra-tree variation, as well as its possibilities of application to the wood industry were analyzed for four clones. Tracheid length from the first to 17th annual ring within clones increased rapidly at first, and then plateaued. The maximum value appeared at the 14th annual ring of clone IV (3795 μm), and the minimum value appeared at the 1st annual ring of clone I (849 μm). Tracheid width and tracheid double wall thickness increased first and then tended to be flat or slightly decreased; tracheid length to width ratio showed an overall increasing trend; the variation of tracheid double wall thickness was not significant. Between clones, the variation coefficient of tracheid width, double wall thickness, and wall to cavity ratio were large. The tissue proportion within clones from large to small was the following: tracheid proportion > wood ray proportion > parenchyma proportion, and there was no significant difference between clones. The basic density within clones showed a gradual increase but a certain fluctuation; the difference between clones was not significant. The maximum crystallinity appeared in clone II (sapwood 55.1%, heartwood 51.2%), and the difference between clones was not significant.