Comparison of <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> Populations Collected from Tomato Greenhouses in Northern Algeria

Adjebli, Ahmed; Leyronas, Christel; Aissat, Kamel; Nicot, Philippe C.

doi:10.1111/jph.12289

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…Differentiation of B. cinerea populations has been studied in various locations and from various hosts, without a consistent pattern of host specificity observed (47,48,50,(52)(53)(54)). Significant regional differentiation (47,48,50,55) and adaptation to management strategies (56,57) were also reported. With its ubiquity (58), mixed reproduction system (59), and large population sizes, B. cinerea rapidly develops fungicide resistance in agroecosystems (24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Fungal Evolution in Anthropogenic Environments: Botrytis cinerea Populations Infecting Small Fruit Hosts in the Pacific Northwest Rapidly Adapt to Human-Induced Selection Pressures

Kozhar

Larsen

Grünwald

et al. 2020

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Many fungal pathogens have short generation times, large population sizes, and mixed reproductive systems, providing high potential to adapt to heterogeneous environments of agroecosystems. Such adaptation complicates disease management and threatens food production. A better understanding of pathogen population biology in such environments is important to reveal key aspects of adaptive divergence processes to allow improved disease management. Here, we studied how evolutionary forces shape population structure of Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of gray mold, in the Pacific Northwest agroecosystems. Populations of B. cinerea from adjacent fields of small fruit hosts were characterized by combining neutral markers (microsatellites) with markers that directly respond to human-induced selection pressures (fungicide resistance). Populations were diverse, without evidence for recombination and association of pathogen genotype with host. Populations were highly localized with limited migration even among adjacent fields within a farm. A fungicide resistance marker revealed strong selection on population structure due to fungicide use. We found no association of resistance allele with genetic background, suggesting de novo development of fungicide resistance and frequent extinction/recolonization events by different genotypes rather than the spread of resistance alleles among fields via migration of a dominant genotype. Overall our results showed that in agroecosystems, B. cinerea populations respond strongly to selection by fungicide use with greater effect on population structure compared to adaptation to host plant species. This knowledge will be used to improve disease management by developing strategies that limit pathogen local adaptation to fungicides and other human-induced selection pressures present in Pacific Northwest agroecosystems and elsewhere. IMPORTANCE Agroecosystems represent an efficient model for studying fungal adaptation and evolution in anthropogenic environments. In this work, we studied what evolutionary forces shape populations of one of the most important fungal plant pathogens, B. cinerea, in small fruit agroecosystems of the Pacific Northwest. We hypothesized that host, geographic, and anthropogenic factors of agroecosystems structure B. cinerea populations. By combining neutral markers with markers that directly respond to human-induced selection pressures, we show that pathogen populations are highly localized and that selection pressure caused by fungicide use can have a greater effect on population structure than adaptation to host. Our results give a better understanding of population biology and evolution of this important plant pathogen in heterogeneous environments but also provide a practical framework for the development of efficient management strategies by limiting pathogen adaptation to fungicides and other human-induced selection pressures present in agroecosystems of the Pacific Northwest and elsewhere.

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confidence: 97%

Fungal Evolution in Anthropogenic Environments: Botrytis cinerea Populations Infecting Small Fruit Hosts in the Pacific Northwest Rapidly Adapt to Human-Induced Selection Pressures

Kozhar

Larsen

Grünwald

et al. 2020

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…This result is consistent with the proportions reported in previous studies dealing with inoculum collected on various plant species. B. pseudocinerea represented less than 10% and 14.5% of isolates sampled on grapevine in France and New Zealand, respectively (Walker et al 2013;Johnston et al 2013), 0-2.9% of those sampled on lettuce (Leyronas et al 2014a(Leyronas et al , 2014b, 2.2% on tomato (Adjebli et al 2014) and 14% of isolates collected from strawberry, raspberry and oilseed rape in Hungary (Fekete et al 2012). However in our study the daily proportions of B. pseudocinerea airborne isolates were quite variable and could reach high levels, with two noticeable peaks in February 2008 andFebruary 2010 (50% and47%, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both species are morphologically identical. B. pseudocinerea is found principally in Europe, though it has recently been reported on grapevine in New Zealand (Johnston et al 2013) and on tomato in Algeria (Adjebli et al 2014). Its frequency on plants was reported to be the highest in spring (Fekete et al 2012;Walker et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between the genetic characteristics of Botrytis sp. airborne inoculum and meteorological parameters, seasons and the origin of air masses

Leyronas¹,

Halkett

Nicot³

2015

Aerobiologia

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Grey mould is a worldwide disease on many economically important crops. It is caused by two fungal species, Botrytis cinerea and B. pseudocinerea, which are mainly airborne dispersed. Although several studies have considered the abundance of airborne inoculum of B. cinerea in models forecasting the risk of grey mould epidemics, the genetic characteristics of this inoculum are poorly known. In the present study, airborne inoculum of B. cinerea and B. pseudocinerea was collected on 29 dates over a 2.5-year period on a site in south-eastern France. The 683 sampled isolates were genotyped with 9 microsatellites markers and 616 were identified as B. cinerea. The genetic structure of B. cinerea airborne inoculum was inferred with Bayesian assignment tests. Eight genetic clusters were identified. Cluster abundance showed temporal variation and was statistically linked to the season (P=0.0009) and the origin of air masses (P<0.0001). The proportion of isolates belonging to the species B. pseudocinerea was equal to 9.8% on average, but it showed temporal variation; it tended to be higher in winter. This study is the first to provide information about the genetic characteristics of airborne inoculum of B. cinerea and B. pseudocinerea and to bring evidence of relationship with seasons, meteorological parameters and with the origin of air masses.

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“…cinerea , B . cinerea group S and Botrytis pseudocinerea have been reported previously as causing grey mould disease in tomatoes (Adjebli et al, 2015; Kanetis et al, 2017; Li et al, 2015). B .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Determination of the frequency and virulence of someBotrytis cinereaisolates and a newBotrytis prunorumcryptic species causing grey mould disease on greenhouse tomatoes

2023

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Tomato is among the priority crops of greenhouse cultivation in Turkey and in the world. One of the most important fungal diseases of tomatoes is grey mould. Botrytis cinerea, B. cinerea group S and Botrytis pseudocinerea have been reported previously as causes of grey mould disease on tomatoes. The objectives of this study were to characterize the common grey mould population, their virulence levels, and identify the possible cryptic Botrytis species occurring on greenhouse tomatoes in Turkey. Botrytis species were identified using the RPB2, G3PDH, HSP60 and NEP2 sequences. The predominant grey mould pathogen was B. cinerea. B. cinerea group S and B. pseudocinerea were not isolated. The MH69 isolate was identified as Botrytis prunorum. This is the first time that this cryptic species has been reported causing disease on tomatoes. Differences in the virulence levels of B. cinerea isolates were observed. The virulence of the B. prunorum isolate was found to be lower than most of the B. cinerea isolates.

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Comparison of Botrytis cinerea Populations Collected from Tomato Greenhouses in Northern Algeria

Cited by 11 publications

References 47 publications

Fungal Evolution in Anthropogenic Environments: Botrytis cinerea Populations Infecting Small Fruit Hosts in the Pacific Northwest Rapidly Adapt to Human-Induced Selection Pressures

Fungal Evolution in Anthropogenic Environments: Botrytis cinerea Populations Infecting Small Fruit Hosts in the Pacific Northwest Rapidly Adapt to Human-Induced Selection Pressures

Relationship between the genetic characteristics of Botrytis sp. airborne inoculum and meteorological parameters, seasons and the origin of air masses

Determination of the frequency and virulence of someBotrytis cinereaisolates and a newBotrytis prunorumcryptic species causing grey mould disease on greenhouse tomatoes

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