Comparison of Hybrid III, Thor-α and PMHS Response in Frontal Sled Tests

Vezin, Philippe; Bruyère-Garnier, Karine; Bermond, François; Verriest, Jean-Pierre

doi:10.4271/2002-22-0001

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Our search yielded 2,249 unique studies, of which 417 studies were relevant to our objectives, 91 of the 417 relevant studies measured the kinematic variables we sought, and 63 of these studies presented or otherwise allowed access to their data (Figure 1). The 63 studies contained 999 unique volunteers exposed to 5,229 tests and 110 unique PMHSs exposed to 202 tests (Ewing et al, 1969;Ewing and Thomas, 1972;Ewing et al, 1975;Ewing et al, 1977, Ewing et al, 1978Kallieris et al, 1987;Buhrman and Perry, 1994;Margulies et al, 1998;Morris and Popper, 1999;Ono et al, 1999;Yoganandan and Pintar, 2000;Davidsson et al, 2001;Meijer et al, 2001;Fugger et al, 2002;Petitjean et al, 2002;Vezin et al, 2002;Deng and Wang, 2003;Perry et al, 2003;Siegmund et al, 2003a;Siegmund et al, 2003b;Vezin and Verriest, 2003;Doczy et al, 2004;Siegmund et al, 2004;Blouin et al, 2006;Rouhana et al, 2006;Wiechel and Bolte, 2006;Ejima et al, 2007;Pintar et al, 2007;Ejima et al, 2008;Siegmund et al, 2008;Arbogast et al, 2009;Funk et al, 2009;Lopez-Valdes et al, 2009;Siegmund and Blouin, 2009;White et al, 2009;Lopez-Valdes et al, 2010;Pintar et al, 2010;…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lack of Sex, Age, and Anthropometric Diversity in Neck Biomechanical Data

Booth

Cripton

Siegmund

2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Female, elderly, and obese individuals are at greater risk than male, young, and non-obese individuals for neck injury in otherwise equivalent automotive collisions. The development of effective safety technologies to protect all occupants requires high quality data from a range of biomechanical test subjects representative of the population at risk. Here we sought to quantify the demographic characteristics of the volunteers and post-mortem human subjects (PMHSs) used to create the available biomechanical data for the human neck during automotive impacts. A systematic literature and database search was conducted to identify kinematic data that could be used to characterize the neck response to inertial loading or direct head/body impacts. We compiled the sex, age, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) for 999 volunteers and 110 PMHSs exposed to 5,431 impacts extracted from 63 published studies and three databases, and then compared the distributions of these parameters to reference data drawn from the neck-injured, fatally-injured, and general populations. We found that the neck biomechanical data were biased toward males, the volunteer data were younger, and the PMHS data were older than the reference populations. Other smaller biases were also noted, particularly within female distributions, in the height, weight, and BMI distributions relative to the neck-injured populations. It is vital to increase the diversity of volunteer and cadaveric test subjects in future studies in order to fill the gaps in the current neck biomechanical data. This increased diversity will provide critical data to address existing inequities in automotive and other safety technologies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lack of Sex, Age, and Anthropometric Diversity in Neck Biomechanical Data

Booth

Cripton

Siegmund

2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…In addition, the lap belt loads observed differ between HIII dummy and SHPM, and between HIII and THOR dummies (Vezin et al, 2002). The two dummy have the same segment masses, however the Thor dummy has a more biofidelic lumbar spine.…”

Section: Belt Load Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 86%

Finite-element human body model for automotive safety

Baudrit

Song

2005

Revue Européenne des Éléments Finis

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This article presents a finite element human body model, used in the Laboratoire d'Accidentologie, de Biomécanique et d'études du comportement humain of French car manufacturers for its occupant safety research programs. The working-out, the main construction steps of and the validation process are described. An example of application, which consists of a comparative study in frontal crash with a dummy model, illustrates the interest and limitations, through the most significant results. After a basic study, applied to the development of a new thoracic criterion highlighting real safety, the approach to improve the model into a 3D breakable model is shown. The bone condition differences are taken into account. Several future research prospects are exhibited in order to reinforce the human body model. RÉSUMÉ. Cet article présente un modèle éléments finis de l'être humain, utilisé au laboratoire d'accidentologie, de biomécanique et d'études du comportement humain des constructeurs français pour ses recherches sur la sécurité des occupants de véhicules automobiles. La genèse, les grandes étapes de construction et de validation du modèle sont décrites. Un exemple d'application, qui consiste en une étude comparative du comportement au choc avec un modèle de mannequin de choc frontal, illustre son intérêt et ses limites, avec l'appui des résultats les plus significatifs. Après une étude de principe, appliquée à la définition d'un critère thoracique mettant en valeur la sécurité réelle, la démarche de transformation en un modèle lésionnel omnidirectionnel est montrée, avec la prise en compte des différences interindividuelles. Quelques perspectives de recherches permettant de le consolider sont exposées.

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“…According to Figure 1 , the drop test was used to simulate a collision scenario similar to the impact of a human head into the safety layers during a frontal crash. Typical impacts for testing safety systems are designed for velocities

equal to 30 and 50 km/h [ 25 ], corresponding to those used in sled tests. As the mass of the human head is approximately

kg [ 26 ] and the mass of the testing impactor is

kg, the drop test height H was calculated from the energy balance equation:

using gravity acceleration

m/s

.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the LLDPE Constitutive Material Model for Energy Absorption in Impact Applications

et al. 2021

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Current industrial trends bring new challenges in energy absorbing systems. Polymer materials as the traditional packaging materials seem to be promising due to their low weight, structure, and production price. Based on the review, the linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) material was identified as the most promising material for absorbing impact energy. The current paper addresses the identification of the material parameters and the development of a constitutive material model to be used in future designs by virtual prototyping. The paper deals with the experimental measurement of the stress-strain relations of linear low-density polyethylene under static and dynamic loading. The quasi-static measurement was realized in two perpendicular principal directions and was supplemented by a test measurement in the 45° direction, i.e., exactly between the principal directions. The quasi-static stress-strain curves were analyzed as an initial step for dynamic strain rate-dependent material behavior. The dynamic response was tested in a drop tower using a spherical impactor hitting a flat material multi-layered specimen at two different energy levels. The strain rate-dependent material model was identified by optimizing the static material response obtained in the dynamic experiments. The material model was validated by the virtual reconstruction of the experiments and by comparing the numerical results to the experimental ones.

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Comparison of Hybrid III, Thor-α and PMHS Response in Frontal Sled Tests

Cited by 25 publications

References 7 publications

The Lack of Sex, Age, and Anthropometric Diversity in Neck Biomechanical Data

The Lack of Sex, Age, and Anthropometric Diversity in Neck Biomechanical Data

Finite-element human body model for automotive safety

Identification of the LLDPE Constitutive Material Model for Energy Absorption in Impact Applications

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