Comparison of human whole blood, plasma, and serum matrices for the determination of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and other fluorochemicals

Ehresman, David J.; Froehlich, John W.; Olsen, Geary W.; Chang, Shu‐Ching; Butenhoff, John L.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2006.06.008

Cited by 290 publications

(165 citation statements)

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“…Most previous studies used serum or plasma as a biological medium to evaluate the body burden of PFOS and PFOA, and mean ratios of serum to whole blood concentrations were reported to be approximately 2.3 for PFOS and 2.0 for PFOA 16) . The estimated median serum level of PFOS in our study (13.3 ng ml −1 ), using the ratio of 2.3, was similar to those in serum or plasma reported for Germany 17) , Australia and Japan (10.9−18.3 ng ml −1 ) 18,19) , higher than those reported for Italy 20) Korea and Vietnam (5.6−8.4 ng ml −1 ) 21,22) and lower than those in the U.S. 23,24) and Denmark (30.2−35.8 ng ml −1 ) 25) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of Seafood, Serum Liver Enzymes, and Blood Levels of PFOS and PFOA in the Japanese Population

Yamaguchi

Arisawa

Uemura

et al. 2013

Journal of Occupational Health

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PFOA, with medians being highest in the Tokai/Hokuriku/ Kinki region. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the concentrations of PFOS in blood were mainly associated with fish consumption and that the levels of PFOS and PFOA were associated with the serum levels of liver enzymes in Japanese populations. Further investigations are required to clarify the reason for the regional differences in blood levels of PFOS and PFOA in Japan. (J Occup Health 2013; 55: 184−194) Key words: Blood, Fish intake, Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), Serum liver enzymes Perfluorochemicals (PFCs) are man-made chemical substances containing C-C and C-F bonds. PFCs are extremely resistant to degradation, and accumulate in the environment. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are two of the main PFCs. PFOS and PFOA have both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties. PFOS bioaccumulates in animal tissues through the food web 1) , and exposure to PFOA occurs in part through drinking water and beverages 2) . The geometric mean elimination half-lives of PFOS and PFOA from human serum are approximately 4.8 and 3.5 years, respectively 3) . Recently, it has been reported that PFOS and PFOA have toxic effects on wildlife and humans. The toxicity includes neurobehavioral defects 4) , hepatotoxicity 5) , immune toxicity and carcinogenicity 6) . A reduction in human exposure to PFCs has been reported following the phasing-out of perfluorosulfonyl-based compounds and the Environmental Protection Agency's program The purpose of the present study was to examine the factors associated with the blood levels of PFOS and PFOA. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 307 men and 301 women (aged 16−76 years) living in 15 prefectures in Japan. Blood levels of PFOS and PFOA were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Hepatic enzymes (γ -GTP, GOT, and GPT) and ω -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (DHA and EPA) levels in serum were also measured. Associations between the levels of PFOS and PFOA in blood and the intake frequency of 41 kinds of dishes, foods and beverages and the serum levels of liver enzymes and ω -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were examined using rank correlations. Results: Frequency of intake of boiled fish in broth, sliced raw fish and coastal fish showed significant positive correlations with PFOS concentrations in blood after adjustments for potential confounders. Serum levels of GOT, GPT, DHA and EPA showed significant positive correlations with PFOS and PFOA in blood. There was also a significant regional difference in the blood levels of PFOS and

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of Seafood, Serum Liver Enzymes, and Blood Levels of PFOS and PFOA in the Japanese Population

Yamaguchi

Arisawa

Uemura

et al. 2013

Journal of Occupational Health

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“…A pilot study showed an approximate 50% decline in PFOS in 40 The purpose of the present study was to compare age-, sex-, and location-specific PFOS and other polyfluoroalkyl concentrations in 600 plasma samples collected in 2006 from six American Red Cross adult blood donor centers to 645 nonpaired serum samples analyzed from the same locations in 2000-2001 (5). Plasma and serum have been shown to be comparable matrices for these analyses (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decline in Perfluorooctanesulfonate and Other Polyfluoroalkyl Chemicals in American Red Cross Adult Blood Donors, 2000−2006

Olsen

Mair

Church

et al. 2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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223

185

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In 2000, 3M Company, the primary global manufacturer, announced a phase-out of perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride (POSF, C 8 F 17 SO 2 F)-based materials after perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS, C 8 F 17 SO 3 -) was reported in human populations and wildlife. The purpose of this study was to determine whether PFOS and other polyfluoroalkyl concentrations in plasma samples, collected in 2006 from six American Red Cross adult blood donor centers, have declined compared to nonpaired serum samples from the same locations in 2000-2001. For each location, 100 samples were obtained evenly distributed by age (20-69 years) and sex. Analytes measured, using tandem mass spectrometry, were PFOS, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS), N-methyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetate (Me-PFOSA-AcOH), and N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetate (Et-PFOSA-AcOH). The geometric mean plasma concentrations were for PFOS 14.5 ng/mL (95% CI 13.9-15.2), PFOA 3.4 ng/ mL (95% CI 3.3-3.6), and PFHxS 1.5 ng/mL (95% CI 1.4-1.6). The majority of PFBS, Me-PFOSA-AcOH, and Et-PFOSA-AcOH concentrations were less than the lower limit of quantitation. Age-and sex-adjusted geometric means were lower in 2006 (approximately 60% for PFOS, 25% for PFOA, and 30% for PFHxS) than those in 2000-2001. The declines for PFOS and PFHxS are consistent with their serum elimination half-lives and the time since the phase-out of POSF-based materials. The shorter serum elimination half-life for PFOA and its smaller percentage decline than PFOS suggests PFOA concentrations measured in the general population are unlikely to be solely attributed to POSF-based materials. Direct and indirect exposure sources of PFOA could include historic and ongoing electrochemical cell fluorination (ECF) of PFOA, telomer production of PFOA, fluorotelomer-based precursors, and other fluoropolymer production.

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“…[32][33][34] PFOA was the most abundant perfluoroalkyl carboxylate (PFCA), followed by perfluorononanoate (PFNA), PFUnDA [41,42,62,63] and perfluorotridecanoate (PFTriDA). [39] The shorter chain acids PFHxS, PFBS [27,32,39,63] and perfluorohexanoate (PFHxA) [63,64] were found in human blood, whereas perfluorobutanoate (PFBA), N-methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide (N-MeFOSA) and N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide (N-EtFOSA) were not detected. [39] Human blood serum predominantly consisted of linear isomers of the PFCAs compared to branched isomers.…”

Section: Levels and Trends In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[23] Another study found serum to plasma ratios for PFOS, PFHxS and PFOA of 1 : 1 and serum or plasma to whole blood ratios of 2 : 1. [27] Thus, PFC concentrations determined in serum or plasma are directly comparable, whereas the whole blood data have to be multiplied by a minimum factor of 2, if they have to be compared to serum or plasma data. Different results were published by Kärrman et al [24] They found plasma to whole blood ratios of less than 2.…”

Section: Analytical Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in marine biota and in humans

Sturm

Ahrens

2010

Environ. Chem.

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Environmental context. Polyfluoroalkyl compounds are used in a variety of industrial and consumer applications, including polymer production and for surface treatment of textiles and paper. Research over the last 10 years has shown that these compounds are ubiquitous environmental contaminants -they are extremely persistent, show toxic effects and accumulate in the food chain. We evaluate global, temporal and spatial trends of these important emerging contaminants.Abstract. This review gives an overview of existing knowledge of polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) in humans and in marine biota. Temporal trends and spatial distribution of PFCs were globally compared in humans, marine mammals, seabirds and fish. In general, PFC concentrations in the environment have increased significantly from the beginning of the production up to the 1990s. After the phase-out of perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride (POSF) production starting in 2000, PFC concentrations in humans generally decreased. In marine biota no clear temporal trends were observed. The temporal trends depended on the species, their trophic levels and the geographical locations. PFC patterns in humans and in marine wildlife species were compared regarding perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), their shorter and longer chain homologues (C 4 -C 15 ) and precursor compounds. Finally knowledge gaps were identified and recommendations for future work were presented.

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Comparison of human whole blood, plasma, and serum matrices for the determination of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and other fluorochemicals

Cited by 290 publications

References 20 publications

Consumption of Seafood, Serum Liver Enzymes, and Blood Levels of PFOS and PFOA in the Japanese Population

Consumption of Seafood, Serum Liver Enzymes, and Blood Levels of PFOS and PFOA in the Japanese Population

Decline in Perfluorooctanesulfonate and Other Polyfluoroalkyl Chemicals in American Red Cross Adult Blood Donors, 2000−2006

Trends of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in marine biota and in humans

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