Comparison of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Zung Self-Rating Anxiety/Depression Scale (SAS/SDS) in Evaluating Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to compare the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety/Depression Scale (SAS/SDS) in evaluating anxiety and depression in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients. Methods: A total of 70 PsA patients were enrolled. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected after enrollment. HADS-A and SAS were used to evaluate the anxiety of PsA patients, while HADS-D and SDS were used to evaluate the depression of PsA patients. Results: Similar results were observed in detecting the rate of anxiety by HADS-A and SAS (27.1 vs. 21.4%, p = 0.424), and there was no difference in classifying the severity of anxiety by HADS-A and SAS (p = 0.347). The Spearman test also disclosed that HADS-A score was positively associated with SAS score (p <0.001). The rates of depression were similar by HADS-D and SDS (27.1 vs. 40.0%; p = 0.108). However, different results were observed in grading the severity of anxiety by HADS-D and SDS (p = 0.009), and no correlation was observed between HADS-D and SDS scores (p = 0.138). The consumption of time for HADS assessment was shorter than that for SAS/SDS assessment (p < 0.001). In addition, a positive correlation of HADS-A score with patients’ global assessment (PGA) (p = 0.022) and fatigue scores (p = 0.028) was discovered, and HADS-D score was positively associated with PGA score (p = 0.019). SAS or SDS score presented less correlation with clinical features of PsA patients, which illuminated that only SAS score was positively associated with duration of psoriasis (p = 0.030). Conclusion: HADS seems to be a better option for anxiety and depression assessment than SAS/SDS in PsA patients.

Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in the First-Line Medical Staff Fighting Against COVID-19 in Gansu

“…The choice of SAS items is based on diagnostic criteria listed in the major American psychiatry literature, whereas the SDS taps depressive symptoms based on factor analytic studies of depression symptoms (9). The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety/Depression Scale (SAS/SDS) has been widely applied in clinical institutions and scientific research, showing convincing results and a remarkable degree of consensus among clinicians (10). According to the conclusion of other studies (11), we also utilized the standard score of 50 as the critical value to divide depression or anxiety in the present study.…”

The Psychological Impact of Coronavirus on University Students and Its Socio-Economic Determinants in Malaysia

“…The basic reason for an extremely low number could be using Zung's self-rating anxiety scale. The anxiety scale has been criticized by earlier studies [15][16][17] for producing unreliable results. Thus, our study covers a more comprehensive base of 16 universities and applies advanced methods to estimates the anxiety amongst students.…”

Psychological factors associated with sleep disorders in patients with axial spondyloarthritis or psoriatic arthritis: A multicenter cross‐sectional observational study

“…The secondary outcome measures evaluated were as follows: (1) Psychological status, assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (Smarr & Keefer, 2011; Yue et al, 2020). The HADS is a 14‐item questionnaire consisting of two subscales, one for depression symptoms and one for symptoms of anxiety.…”