Comparison of Hepatitis B Vaccine Coverage and Effectiveness among Urban and Rural Mongolian 2-Year-Olds

Edstam, James S; Dulmaa, Nyamkhuu; Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn; Rinchin, Arslan; Khulan, Janchiv; Kimball, Ann Marie

doi:10.1006/pmed.2001.0972

Cited by 39 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…It has been reported to be 13.8% among the Hmong and Lahu tribes compared with 22.6% among the general population in northern Thailand. Similarly, HBsAg seroprevalence was 17% among the aboriginal Fukien and Hakka populations in Taiwan compared with a prevalence of 26% among the general population [4,5,8,10,12]. The reason for these differences may be related to the high endemicity carried down from one generation to the next by vertical transmission as well as horizontal transmission.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Chb Among Asian Women Of Childbearing Agementioning

confidence: 98%

“…The rate of HBV infection is estimated to be 36-57% and HBsAg prevalence ranges from 3.8 to 16.8% in Mainland China, with higher rates observed in rural areas [1]. The seroprevalence of HBsAg among adults in other Asian countries has remained similar over the past two decades, ranging from 2 to 20% [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. CHB runs an insidious and often progressive course and, when left untreated, can lead to cirrhosis, decompensated liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic hepatitis B in Asian women of childbearing age

Leung

2009

Hepatol Int

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious clinical problem affecting approximately 2 billion people worldwide. An estimated 350 million live with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection and are at an increased risk for serious liver sequelae and death from acute or chronic consequences of CHB infection. Individuals with CHB have a 20-30% risk of early death from complications, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the Asia-Pacific region, half of the CHB burden results from vertical or mother-to-child transmission, with early childhood horizontal transmission accounting for the remaining half. Screening and vaccination are key factors in the successful prevention and control of HBV infection. Over the last 20 years, the implementation of screening programs and universal HBV vaccination for all individuals born in endemic areas have reduced the prevalence of HBV infection and HBV-related liver diseases among individuals younger than 30 years. Women of childbearing age are key stakeholders in preventing HBV infection and, as such, play a critical role in reducing the vertical and horizontal transmission of HBV. Further efforts are needed to implement screening and educational programs for women of childbearing age, particularly those with CHB, to prevent the transmission of HBV to newborns, spouses, other household members, and sexual partners. In addition, healthcare workers need to learn how to avoid iatrogenic transmission in the healthcare setting. This article reviews these issues and highlights areas in which their engagement with public health efforts serves to improve quality of life and society as a whole.

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Section: Prevalence Of Chb Among Asian Women Of Childbearing Agementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic hepatitis B in Asian women of childbearing age

Leung

2009

Hepatol Int

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“…Many epidemiological studies have also pointed to vaccine freezing as a possible contributor to low immune response in vaccinated individuals and the existing literature relating freeze exposure to potency loss is compelling enough to suggest some degree of impact on immune response [2][3][4][5][6][17][18][19]. More lab-based studies are needed to augment the literature base in order to gain a more precise understanding of the degree of potency loss associated with common field conditions.…”

Section: Guidance For Future Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freezing temperatures in the vaccine cold chain: A systematic literature review

Matthias

Robertson

Garrison

et al. 2007

Vaccine

244

147

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The dangers of accidental freezing of vaccines in the cold chain have prompted studies throughout the globe to better characterize the risk. To date, there has been no systematic review of these studies. This analysis highlights that accidental freezing is pervasive and occurs across all segments of the cold chain. Between 14% and 35% of refrigerators or transport shipments were found to have exposed vaccine to freezing temperatures, while in studies that examined all segments of distribution, between 75% and 100% of the vaccine shipments were exposed. More rigorous study designs were associated with higher levels of freeze exposure. As more expensive, freeze-sensitive vaccines are introduced into immunization schedules, freeze prevention will become increasingly critical for ensuring that the world's children are receiving fully potent vaccine.

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“…Hepatitis B vaccine coverage can be linked to the reduction in HBsAg seroprevalence using specially developed mathematical models. 5 21 This prompted a review of immunization quality, including the timing of the birth dose and the incidence of vaccine freezing, which may render the vaccine impotent.…”

Section: Policy and Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B control by 2012 in the WHO Western Pacific Region:

Rani

Yang

Nesbit

2009

Bull World Health Org

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In 2005, the WHO Western Pacific Region adopted the hepatitis B control goal of reducing the hepatitis B surface antigen seroprevalence in children at least 5 years of age to less than 2% by 2012. Universal infant immunization with three doses of hepatitis B vaccine, including a timely birth dose, is the key recommended strategy. Measuring seroprevalence in children at least 5 years of age takes into account the period when the risk of acquiring a chronic infection is highest and provides an indicator that can be monitored in the short term, within 5 years of vaccine introduction, and which correlates strongly with the long-term consequences of hepatitis B.A time-bound supranational hepatitis B control goal was chosen to create a sense of political urgency for strengthening routine immunization services and improving access to delivery care as well as providing resources for hepatitis B vaccination. Consequently, the programme strategies selected are not stand-alone but also contribute to strengthening health systems. Independent certification of achievement of the control goal, hitherto used mainly for eradication goals, is planned for all countries.Early assessment showed that adopting the regional goal led to greater political commitment, with reduced inequalities in hepatitis B vaccination between and within countries. Previous declining trends in routine immunization coverage also show signs of reversal and there is major progress in providing timely birth doses. A similar approach may be relevant to countries in Africa and South Asia, that have a high hepatitis B disease burden faltering routine immunization and poor access to skilled delivery care.Une traduction en français de ce résumé figure à la fin de l'article. Al final del artículo se facilita una traducción al español. ‫املقالة.‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫الكامل‬ ‫النص‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫يف‬ ‫الخالصة‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫العربية‬ ‫الرتجمة‬ a Western

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Comparison of Hepatitis B Vaccine Coverage and Effectiveness among Urban and Rural Mongolian 2-Year-Olds

Cited by 39 publications

References 54 publications

Chronic hepatitis B in Asian women of childbearing age

Chronic hepatitis B in Asian women of childbearing age

Freezing temperatures in the vaccine cold chain: A systematic literature review

Hepatitis B control by 2012 in the WHO Western Pacific Region:

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