Comparison of heart girth or flank-to-flank measurements for predicting sow weight (2004)

Iwasawa, Toshiyuki; Young, Matthew; Keegan, T.P.; Tokach, Michael D.; Goodband, Robert D.; DeRouchey, Joel M.; Nelssen, Jim L.; Dritz, Steven S.

doi:10.4148/2378-5977.6940

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Heart O'Connell, Lynch, Bertholot, Verlait and Lawlor girth was the best individual predictor of weight; 81% of the variation in sow body weight could be accounted for by change in heart girth size alone. Iwasawa et al (2004) developed an equation relating heart girth to sow body weight with a residual of 13.9 kg, which was similar to our residual of 16.5 kg for the same parameter.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…This large increase in sow body weight and size may have a significant influence on the comfort of sows within the stall dimensions. Increasing body weight also influences nutritional requirements, since at least 80% of the energy requirements during gestation are required for maintenance, which increases with weight (Iwasawa et al, 2004;.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morphometric measures included heart girth, height, depth, length and width. Heart girth was defined as the circumference of the sow immediately behind the front legs and in front of the first mammary glands (Iwasawa et al, 2004). Height was measured from the floor to the dorsal surface at the last rib and to the dorsal surface at the hip.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring changes in physical size and predicting weight of sows during gestation

O'Connell

Lynch

Bertholot³

et al. 2007

Animal

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Changes in physical body size during gestation were monitored using 529 sets of sow measurements. All sows were from the same herd and production system with a range in parity from 1 to 8. Sows were individually weighed, P2 backfat thickness was determined by ultrasound and morphometric measurements of body size were taken five times during gestation: day 0 (at service), day 25, day 50, day 80 and day 110. The morphometric measurements included sow height (from floor to last rib at the midline, from floor to ventral surface and from floor to hip), heart girth, depth of last rib, length (from snout to tail and from anterior scapula to tail) and width (at ham, at last rib and at shoulder). Regression analyses were used to model the relationship between day of gestation or parity number and morphometric measurements of body size. Regression equations were also developed to estimate sow weight from physical measurements, day of gestation and parity. As expected, sow dimensions, in general, increased as pregnancy progressed and also with increasing parity number. The relationships between day of gestation and body dimensions were described by linear and quadratic regression models, which had a range of adjusted R 2 values up to 0.99. Similar relationships to parity number had a range of R 2 values between 0.51 and 0.96. Sow depth, which can be used as an estimate of the width of the sow when lying, equalled the maximum width of the gestation stall (650 mm) at day 103 of gestation. However, by day 40 of gestation, predicted mean sow depth (570 mm) equalled the width at the rear of the crate. The implication of this is that after day 40 of gestation, the average sow was too wide for the rear of the crate when lying in a recumbent position. On day 110 of gestation, 95% of the mean sow body depths would be accommodated in stalls that were 674 mm wide; however, the range in body sizes with increasing parity number suggests the use of more than one stall width would be appropriate. Sow weight could be estimated with an adjusted R 2 value of 0.81 and with a residual standard deviation (r.s.d.) of 16.5 kg using heart girth alone, or more accurately using a model with parity, day of gestation, P2 backfat depth and heart girth as the parameters (R 2 5 0.89, r.s.d. 12.4 kg).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring changes in physical size and predicting weight of sows during gestation

O'Connell

Lynch

Bertholot³

et al. 2007

Animal

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“…Weighing gilts is labor intensive, and correlated measures have been developed that do not require moving gilts to a scale (Iwasawa et al, 2004;Sungirai et al, 2014). Flank to flank measurement is correlated with weight as previously reported, however, if 84 cm is used to ensure that all gilts are at or greater than the weight threshold, 80% of gilts that did not meet the flank to flank threshold were actually at a weight greater than the minimum threshold.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of feeding three lysine to energy diets on growth, body composition and age at puberty in replacement gilts

Díaz

Vallet²,

Boyd³

et al. 2017

Animal Reproduction Science

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This study evaluated the effect of diets differing in standard ileal digestible (SID) lysine on lysine intake, growth rate, body composition and age at puberty on maternal line gilts. Crossbred Large White×Landrace gilts (n=641) were fed corn-soybean diets differing in SID lysine concentration (%, g SID lysine:Mcal ME); diets were not isocaloric. Gilts received three grower, finisher diet combinations: low (0.68% lysine grower, 0.52% lysine finisher), medium (0.79% lysine grower, 0.60% lysine finisher) or high (0.90% lysine grower, 0.68% lysine finisher). Grower diets were fed from 100 until 142days of age, and finisher diets were fed until they reached 220days of age. Body weight (BW), backfat thickness (BF), and loin depth (LD) were recorded every 28days. From 160-220days of age, gilts were exposed daily to vasectomized boars and observed for behavioral estrus. Gilts fed the low lysine diet had lower average daily gain and BW (P<0.05), but not fat depth:LD ratio. The percentage of gilts that displayed natural estrus by 220days of age was low but not different among dietary treatments (low 27.7%, medium 31.0% and high 37.7%, respectively; P=0.1201). Gilts fed the high and medium diets reached puberty 10 and 6days earlier, however, than gilts fed the low lysine diet (P<0.05). The rate of puberty attainment may have been less because all gilts contracted porcine epidemic diarrhea (PEDv) just as boar exposure was to begin for the first group of gilts. Results from the present study indicate that growth rate and age at puberty can be altered by ad libitum fed diets that differ in SID lysine concentration.

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“…For gilts at the time of first insemination, the present study's equations included FF and BCS with lower R 2 (R 2 = 0.53). Iwasawa et al (2004) reported a BW estimate from both HG and FF, and found it is useful for more accurately feeding gestating sows. O'Connell et al (2007) developed regression equations to estimate sow weight from physical measurements, day of gestation, and parity; when using HG alone, BW was estimated with adjusted R 2 = 0.81, but a more accurate model was achieved when parity, day of gestation, BF2, and HG were included as model predictors (R 2 = 0.89).…”

Section: Physiological State Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Using body measurements to estimate body weight in gilts

et al. 2018

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The absence of a scale on pig farms has led to indirect body weight (BW) estimation using regression models based on body measurements. The objectives of the present study were to (1) develop prediction equations for weight estimation in gilts using body measurements (FF: flank-to-flank distance; L: length; HG: heart girth; BF2: ultrasound backfat measurement; LD: loin depth; and BCS: body condition score) and (2) validate the use of an existing prediction equation for BW in gilts (HG2 × L × 69.3 = HGLW), only used for finishing pigs. Data set A (derivation, Large White × Landrace) included 42 gilts at first insemination, 45 gilts at the end of first gestation, and 58 gilts at weaning. Data set B (validation, Large White × Landrace) comprised of 14 gilts at first insemination, 15 gilts at the end of first gestation, and 19 gilts at weaning. Models were developed for each physiological state but a better BW prediction was obtained from an overall model, including an adjustment for physiological state (S1 and S2): −168.89 +1.06L +1.28HG +58.02S1 +33.03S2 +10.92BCS −1.10BF2 (adjusted R2 = 0.90). This model was validated under conditions found in the present study. Estimations using HGLW showed greater residual means than regression models.

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Comparison of heart girth or flank-to-flank measurements for predicting sow weight (2004)

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Measuring changes in physical size and predicting weight of sows during gestation

Measuring changes in physical size and predicting weight of sows during gestation

Effect of feeding three lysine to energy diets on growth, body composition and age at puberty in replacement gilts

Using body measurements to estimate body weight in gilts

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