Comparison of glycerol ketals, glycerol acetates and branched alcohol-derived fatty esters as cold-flow improvers for palm biodiesel

Giraldo, Sandra; Ríos, Luis; Suárez, Natalia

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2013.02.039

Cited by 69 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Giraldo et al compared three cold flow improvers for increasing the low‐temperature performance of palm biodiesel. They were glycerol ketals, glycerol acetates, and branched alcohol‐derived fatty esters (2‐butyl esters).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of low-temperature properties on biodiesel fuel: a review

Liu

2015

Int. J. Energy Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary The use of biodiesel as a diesel fuel alternative is rapidly increasing. An important aspect of applying this alternative is the transportation and application in cold weather. In this article, different kinds of methods and technologies were briefly reviewed to improve the low‐temperature properties of biodiesel. The compositions of fatty acids would be effectively changed by choosing available material with high content of unsaturated fatty acids or by reducing saturated fatty acids via winterization process. Branched alcohols can be used to change biodiesel structures that improve the low‐temperature properties. As a technically feasible method, there is still a constant demand to search cost‐effective raw materials for economic branched alcohols production. In order to enhance the impact of crystal morphology and decrease freezing point, the blending chemical additives and petroleum fuels would be a promising method that have been widely used. Besides, other treatments such as epoxidation, hydroisomerization, and ozonization were also discussed. However, each method applied for improving low‐temperature properties of biodiesel should be effective and economical so that the biodiesel would continue to compete with fossil and other renewable fuels for market share. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of low-temperature properties on biodiesel fuel: a review

Liu

2015

Int. J. Energy Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…32 Apart from that, kinematic viscosity, density, and CFPP are largely influenced by the degree of unsaturation. For example, Giraldo et al (2013) reduced the CFPP of palm biodiesel by 6°C adding 5% of 2-butyl esters, 35 the addition of 0.04% polymethyl acrylate has reduced waste cooking oil biodiesel by 6°C, 36 methyl oleate blended with palm oil methyl esters was reported to reduce CFPP by 91.69%, 37 and ethyl levulinate (20%) has also been used to improve cold flow properties of cottonseed oil. This issue can be addressed by blending different compositions of fatty acids, which, in turn, improve the oxidation stability and low-temperature flow properties, and other options are discussed in the next paragraph.…”

Section: Process Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of wet microalgal FAME production from Nannochloropsis sp. under the synergistic microwave and ultrasound effect

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary The synergistic effect of microwave and ultrasound irradiations was evaluated for biodiesel production from microalgae biomass (Nannochloropsis sp.) as raw material. A response surface methodology technique based on central composite design was used to understand the process parametric interdependence and optimize the process reaction variables. Reaction kinetics of algal fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production was also studied. The optimum reaction conditions were determined as wet algal biomass to methanol ratio of 20 g to 30 mL, 1 wt% catalyst concentration, and 7‐minute reaction time at 140 W of microwave power and 140 W of ultrasound power. The estimated activation energy was 17,298 J/mol−1 K−1 for a first‐order reaction kinetics. This study revealed that microwave energy dissipation at a low rate of 140 W combined with 140 W of ultrasound intensity is adequate to produce FAMEs at a maximum yield of 48.2%. Results from this optimization study suggest that a more detailed and mechanistic energy optimization study is critical to increase the FAME yield and maximize energy benefits.

show abstract

“…From the experiment it was found that when the ratio of DEP: PGE: PA was 3:1:1 or 2:2:1, the CFPP of PME was decreased by 7 C. A mixture of 0.2% additive, 79.8% soybean biodiesel, and 20% kerosene reduced the PP of B100 by 27 C [10]. 2-butyl ester of palm oil is able to reduce the PP by 6 C [11]. The above researches shows that use of CFI decreases PP up to much extent but the only problem with CFI is its high cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%