Comparison of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and 28S-ribosomal RNA gene expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract

The gene responsible for transcribing glyceraldehyde-and integrity of RNA present in Northern analyses. 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is commonly used Whether the GAPDH gene can be used for the same as a reporter gene to estimate the amount of RNA pres-purpose in tumor cell lines or tissues is unclear. Indeed, ent in Northern analyses. However, recent data suggest there are numerous reasons to suspect that GAPDH that GAPDH gene expression may vary with the extent messenger RNA (mRNA) expression may not be useful of cell proliferation and differentiation. 28S-ribosomal in that regard. Specifically, tumor cells are known to RNA (28S-rRNA) has also been employed to normalize exhibit increased rates of glycolysis. 3 Moreover, Northern blots prepared with total RNA. In the present GAPDH mRNA expression is regulated by several study, we compared the expression of GAPDH messengrowth factors, some of which may be operative in liver ger RNA (mRNA) with 28S-rRNA by Northern blot analytumor growth. 4,5 Finally, the expression of GAPDH ses in human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues (HCC) and adjacent non-HCC tissues from eight patients with mRNA is increased in human lung cancer, 6 pancreatic chronic viral hepatitis-induced cirrhosis and normal and colon adenocarcinoma, 7 a human hepatocarcinoma liver tissue from eight healthy control subjects. The re-cell line, 8 and several transformed tumor cell lines. 9 sults of the study revealed that GAPDH mRNA levels inThe human ribosomal RNA (rRNA) constitutes a re-HCC were significantly higher (141-161) than those in petitive family of genes. 10 The 28S-rRNA component of adjacent non-HCC and normal liver tissues. Conversely, the family has been cloned and demonstrated to be 28S-rRNA levels did not vary among HCC, adjacent non-largely conserved in various species of vertebrates. 11 HCC, and normal liver tissues. We also demonstrated As a result, it is used increasingly for normalizing that the 28S-RNA signal was proportional to the amount Northern blots. 12,13 Whether 28S-rRNA gene expresof RNA loaded. These findings indicate that 28S-rRNA, sion is altered in human carcinoma tissue has not been rather than GAPDH mRNA, should be used as RNA loading controls for Northern blot analyses involving HCC reported. Thus, the purpose of this study was to docuand nontumor tissues. The findings also raise the possi-ment and compare GAPDH and 28S-rRNA gene exbility that GAPDH mRNA gene expression might serve pression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tis- biopsies. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) PATIENTS AND METHODSis an important enzyme in the glycolytic metabolic Tissue Samples. Human HCC and adjacent non-HCC tispathway. In human nontumor tissue it is encoded by sues were obtained from eight, untreated Chinese patients a single functional gene, the levels of which remain at the time of surgery for tumor resection at the Norman constant during cell growth and the various phases of Bethune University Hospital (Chanchun, China). An addithe cell cycle. 1,2 For that reas...

Expression and significance of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in patients with osteosarcoma

“…Previous studies have shown that GAPDH expression is increased in other human tumors and tumor-derived cell lines from colon, kidney, liver, lung and pancreas (Nguewa et al, 2008;Lau et al, 2000;Gong et al, 1996;Chang et al, 2011;Revillion et al, 2000;Yamagata et al, 1998), which complies with our results. Because of the variability of expression of GAPDH in osteosarcomas, GAPDH expression should not be used as housekeeping genes in analyses on mRNA level and protein level in osteosarcomas studies.…”

“…Because of the variability of expression of GAPDH in osteosarcomas, GAPDH expression should not be used as housekeeping genes in analyses on mRNA level and protein level in osteosarcomas studies. The elevation of GAPDH mRNA level or protein level might accelerate the malignant cell proliferation, since enhanced expression of GAPDH was accompanied by an increase in the levels of enolase and glucose transporter and an accelerated rate of glucose transport has long been known to accompany cellular transformation (Gong et al, 1996). The up-regulation of GAPDH in tumor could contribute to augmented rate of glycolysis in tumor cells and/or maintenance of a transformed phenotype (Vila et al, 2000).…”

“…GAPDH might play a role in cancer pathogenesis and translocate to nucleus in response to several anti-cancer agents (Kim et al, 1999). The accumulated results indicated that GAPDH was differentially expressed in prostate, breast, lung, and cervical carcinomas under certain conditions (Nguewa et al, 2008;Lau et al, 2000;Gong et al, 1996;Chang et al, 2011;Revillion et al, 2000;Yamagata et al, 1998;Rienzo et al, 2012). However, the alteration of GAPDH gene expression has little report in osteosarcoma.…”

GAPDH, a novel regulator of the pro-apoptotic mitochondrial membrane permeabilization

“…Reportedly, GAPDH expression can be modulated by the cell proliferative state, and GAPDH can be overexpressed in some cancers (Gong et al, 1996;Cuezva et al, 2004) and in neurodegenerative disorders such as Hungtington, Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases (Mazzola and Sirover, 2002). Moreover, GAPDH antisense rescues cerebellar and mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons from cell death induction in vitro Fukuhara et al, 2001).…”

Increased glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase expression indicates higher survival rates in male patients with hepatitis B virus-accociated hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis

“…GAPDH has been widely used as a reference gene in RT-qPCR analysis performed in HCC cells; however, elevated mRNA and protein expression levels of GAPDH in HCC patients have been reported in a number of studies (30,31). These studies investigated patients with HBV-associated HCC, hepatitis C virus-associated HCC and HCC without viral hepatitis infection history.…”