Comparison of Ginsenoside and Phenolic Ingredient Contents in Hydroponically-cultivated Ginseng Leaves, Fruits, and Roots

Choi, Sang Yoon; Cho, Chang‐Won; Lee, Yeonmi; Kim, Sung Soo; Lee, Sangeun; Kim, Kyung‐Tack

doi:10.5142/jgr.2012.36.4.425

Cited by 30 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…It is presumed that this approach is most suitable and effective for good manufacturing practices [53,54]. In particular, soilless cultivation of ginseng in hydroponics and aeroponics cultures is most appropriate due to many reasons [55,56], including the fact that this method is safe and free of pesticides and agrochemicals [57,58]. Parameters including nutrient-solution composition, pH, aeration, temperature, light, and numerous stressful factors are crucial not only for optimal plant growth and development, but also for the increased biosynthesis of pharmacologically active secondary plant metabolites that play important roles in plant defense response and survival [55,56,59].…”

Section: Ginsenosides Hrg80 (Mg/g *) Arkopharma (Mg/g) Placebomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parameters including nutrient-solution composition, pH, aeration, temperature, light, and numerous stressful factors are crucial not only for optimal plant growth and development, but also for the increased biosynthesis of pharmacologically active secondary plant metabolites that play important roles in plant defense response and survival [55,56,59]. Choi et al [55] cultivated P. ginseng in hydroponics and observed higher ginsenoside and phenolic content in its leaves.…”

Section: Ginsenosides Hrg80 (Mg/g *) Arkopharma (Mg/g) Placebomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of Panax ginseng Meyer Herbal Preparation HRG80 in Preventing and Mitigating Stress-Induced Failure of Cognitive Functions in Healthy Subjects: A Pilot, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial

Mariage¹,

Hovhannisyan

Panossian³

2020

Pharmaceuticals

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Background: The aim of this pilot study was to compare the efficacy of hydroponically cultivated red Panax ginseng Meyer root preparation (HRG80) and traditionally harvested six-year-old white P. ginseng standard preparation (PGS) with placebo in preventing symptoms of stress. Methods: The effects of HRG80, PGS, and placebo capsules were studied in 50 tired healthy subjects in a three-arm, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Efficacy-outcome measures included the accuracy of processing the d2 test for cognitive functions, obtained accuracy score in a computerized memory test, and the perceived-stress (PS) score. Results: A statistically significant interaction effect between time and treatment (p < 0.0001) was observed in the attention d2 and memory tests, indicating that HRG80 treatment was more beneficial than that with a placebo. The effects of PGS were better than those of the placebo, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was significant difference between the effects of HRG80 and PGS (p < 0.0001) that were observed after single (Day 1) and repeated administrations on Days 5 and 12 of treatment. Conclusion: Overall, HRG80 treatment was significantly superior compared to that with the PGS and placebo regarding attention, memory, and PS scores after single and repeated administrations for 5 and 12 days.

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Section: Ginsenosides Hrg80 (Mg/g *) Arkopharma (Mg/g) Placebomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ginsenosides Hrg80 (Mg/g *) Arkopharma (Mg/g) Placebomentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Panax ginseng Meyer Herbal Preparation HRG80 in Preventing and Mitigating Stress-Induced Failure of Cognitive Functions in Healthy Subjects: A Pilot, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial

Mariage¹,

Hovhannisyan

Panossian³

2020

Pharmaceuticals

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“…HPLC analysis was performed according to Choi, Cho et al (2012). The contents of kaempferol, quercetin, quercetin-3-rutinoside, and ellagic acid were analyzed by a HPLC system (Jasco, Tokyo, Japan).…”

Section: Determination Of the Phenolic Compound Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, based on the information of health beneficial effects of bokbunja, the growth area and the harvest quantity in South Korea have rapidly increased resulting in various bokbunja products, such as juices and concentrates, rice cakes, vinegar, and dietary supplements. Several studies have shown that bokbunja fruit and wine are positively related with various physiological functions, including antioxidative , anti-inflammatory (Lim, Hwang, & Shin, 2012;Yang et al, 2007), anticancer (Jung et al, 2009), anti-high cholesterol (Lee et al, 2015), and prevention of the memory impairment (Choi, Lee et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of Korean black raspberry, Bokbunja, (Rubus coreanusMiquel) with those of six other berries

Yang

Choi

2016

CyTA - Journal of Food

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Bokbunja (Rubus coreanus Miquel) and six other berries were analyzed for physico-chemical properties and antioxidant activities, using four different methods (DPPH • , ABTS •+ , FRAP, and reducing power). The total polyphenol, total flavonoid, and total anthocyanin contents of bokbunja were significantly higher than those of other berries, followed by mulberry, blackberry, cranberry, raspberry, wild strawberry, and strawberry. Antioxidant activity assays also showed that bokbunja's antioxidant activity exceeded that of the other berries. Bokbunja had not only significantly higher levels of kaempferol, quercetin, and ellagic acid but also the highest ellagic acid content (408.57 mg kg −1 fresh weight). The potential antioxidant activities of bokbunja might be ascribed to its high total polyphenol, total flavonoid, and total anthocyanin contents. Ellagic acid may also affect antioxidant activity, although the concentrations of other phenolic compounds such as kaempferol, quercetin, and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside were high in other berries such as blackberry, cranberry, and mulberry.Comparación de la composición fenólica y la actividad antioxidante de la frambuesa negra coreana Bokbunja, (Rubus coreanus Miquel) con otros seis tipos de frutos del bosque RESUMEN Se analizaron la bokbunja (Rubus coreanus Miquel) y otros seis frutos del bosque para determinar sus propiedades fisicoquímicas y su actividad antioxidante utilizando cuatro métodos diferentes (DPPH • , ABTS •+ , FRAP y poder reductor). El contenido total de polifenoles, flavonoides y antocianina de la bokbunja fue significativamente más alto que aquel de otros frutos del bosque, seguido por el de las moras de Morus, las moras de Rubus, los arándanos rojos, las frambuesas, las fresas silvestres y las fresas. Los ensayos de actividad antioxidante mostraron también que la actividad antioxidante de la bokbunja excedió a aquella de los otros frutos del bosque. La bokbunja no solamente obtuvo unos niveles significativamente más altos de kaempferol, quercetina y ácido elágico, sino que también el mayor contenido de ácido elágico (408.57 mg kg −1 peso fresco). La potencial actividad antioxidante de la bokbunja podría ser atribuida a sus alto contenido total de polifenoles, flavonoides y antocianina. El ácido elágico también podría afectar a la actividad antioxidante, aunque las concentraciones de otros compuestos fenólicos como el kaempferol, la quercetina y la quercetina-3-O-rutinósido fueron más altas en otros frutos del bosque como las moras de Rubus, los arándanos rojos y las moras de Morus. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Ginseng is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, ginseng polysaccharides which because of its anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, hypoglycemic, and many other activities was widespread concern in recent years [3] [4]. The ginseng root requires 6 -7 years to harvest, while ginseng leaves can be harvested annually; recent studies have shown that there was the same active ingredient in the ginseng and ginseng leaves, such as fatty acids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, sesquiterpenes, ginsenosides and so on [5] [6]. But the ginseng leaves activities especially the anticancer activity have not been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticancer Effect of Ginseng Leaves Crude Polysaccharides on Human Hepatoma Cell SMMC-7721

Fu¹,

Shi²,

Qu³

et al. 2014

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Background: Polysaccharides extracted from the medicinal herbs are known to possess antitumor effects. Although there is a significant number of evidences implicated on the beneficial effects of the ginseng leaves ginsenoside with diverse associated mechanisms, reports on the anticancer by the ginseng leaves crude polysaccharides (GLCP) are not sufficient. Experiments were carried out to unravel the anticancer effects of GLCP. Methods: Cells were treated with GLCP (0.5-2 mg/ml) for 48h. MTT method was used to detect the cell viability. Western blot and flow cytometry were used to detect apoptotic rate. Western blot and acridine orange staining were used to detect the cell autophagy. Results: Compared with the normal human liver cell (Chang liver), GLCP (1.5-2 mg/ml) significantly reduction cell viability, promote apoptosis-related proteins expression, promote cell apoptosis and autophagy in SMMC-7721 cells. But caveolin-1 gene silencing could inhibit the anticancer effect of GLCP. Conclusions: These data suggest that GLCP promote autophagy and apoptosis in human hepatoma cell SMMC-7721. We speculate that its mechanism may be associated with the caveolin-1 which is an essential structural molecule of caveolae. Although the effect of GLCP inhibited of liver cancer is not very strong, we are more interested in the GLCP which plays a tumor suppressor role in health care.

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Comparison of Ginsenoside and Phenolic Ingredient Contents in Hydroponically-cultivated Ginseng Leaves, Fruits, and Roots

Cited by 30 publications

References 8 publications

Efficacy of Panax ginseng Meyer Herbal Preparation HRG80 in Preventing and Mitigating Stress-Induced Failure of Cognitive Functions in Healthy Subjects: A Pilot, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial

Efficacy of Panax ginseng Meyer Herbal Preparation HRG80 in Preventing and Mitigating Stress-Induced Failure of Cognitive Functions in Healthy Subjects: A Pilot, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial

Comparison of the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of Korean black raspberry, Bokbunja, (Rubus coreanusMiquel) with those of six other berries

Anticancer Effect of Ginseng Leaves Crude Polysaccharides on Human Hepatoma Cell SMMC-7721

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