Comparison of geophysical investigations for detection of massive ground ice (pingo ice)

Yoshikawa, Kenji; Leuschen, C.; Ikeda, Atsushi; Harada, Koichiro; Gogineni, P. S.; Hoekstra, Pieter J.; Hinzman, L. D.; Sawada, Yuki; Matsuoka, Norikazu

doi:10.1029/2005je002573

Cited by 81 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…17a) and likely corresponds to a complex core of injection ice. These data are in accordance with resistivity values of pingo ice in Alaska (4500-18,000 Ω m) (Yoshikawa et al, 2006). In contrast, exceptionally low resistivity values (predominantly 10-400 Ω m, but up to 4000 Ω m) characterise the internal structure of Longyear Pingo (Fig.…”

Section: Resistivity Surveyssupporting

confidence: 76%

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Permafrost and climate in Europe: Monitoring and modelling thermal, geomorphological and geotechnical responses

Harris

Arenson

Christiansen³

et al. 2009

Earth-Science Reviews

560

361

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We present a review of the changing state of European permafrost within a spatial zone that includes the continuous high latitude arctic permafrost of Svalbard and the discontinuous high altitude mountain permafrost of Iceland, Fennoscandia and the Alps. The paper focuses on methodological developments and data collection over the last decade or so, including research associated with the continent-scale network of instrumented permafrost boreholes established between 1998 and 2001 under the European Union PACE project. Data indicate recent warming trends, with greatest warming at higher latitudes. Equally important are the impacts of shorter-term extreme climatic events, most immediately reflected in changes in active layer thickness. A large number of complex variables, including altitude, topography, insolation and snow distribution, determine permafrost temperatures. The development of regionally calibrated empiricalstatistical models, and physically based process-oriented models, is described, and it is shown that, though more complex and data dependent, process-oriented approaches are better suited to estimating transient effects of climate change in complex mountain topography. Mapping and characterisation of permafrost depth and distribution requires integrated multiple geophysical approaches and recent advances are discussed. We report on recent research into ground ice formation, including ice segregation within bedrock and vein ice formation within ice wedge systems. The potential impacts of climate change on rock weathering, permafrost creep, landslides, rock falls, debris flows and slow mass movements are also discussed. Recent engineering responses to the potentially damaging effects of climate warming are outlined, and risk assessment strategies to minimise geological hazards are described. We conclude that forecasting changes in hazard occurrence, magnitude and frequency is likely to depend on process-based modelling, demanding improved understanding of geomorphological process-response systems and their impacts on human activity. We present a review of the changing state of European permafrost within a spatial zone that includes the continuous high latitude arctic permafrost of Svalbard and the discontinuous high altitude mountain permafrost of Iceland, Fennoscandia and the Alps. The paper focuses on methodological developments and data collection over the last decade or so, including research associated with the continent-scale network of instrumented permafrost boreholes established between 1998 and 2001 under the European Union PACE project. Data indicate recent warming trends, with greatest warming at higher latitudes. Equally important are the impacts of shorter-term extreme climatic events, most immediately reflected in changes in active layer thickness. A large number of complex variables, including altitude, topography, insolation and snow distribution, determine permafrost temperatures. The development of regionally calibrated empiricalstatistical models, and physically based ...

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Section: Resistivity Surveyssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The use of capacitivecoupled resistivity systems (Timofeev et al, 1994;Hauck and Kneisel, 2006;de Pascale et al, 2008) or electromagnetic induction methods (e.g. Harada et al, 2000;Hauck et al, 2001;Bucki et al, 2004, Yoshikawa et al, 2006 have proved effective in overcoming problems of high contact resistance.…”

Section: Geophysical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permafrost and climate in Europe: Monitoring and modelling thermal, geomorphological and geotechnical responses

Harris

Arenson

Christiansen³

et al. 2009

Earth-Science Reviews

560

361

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Mackay (1998) reports that the highest known pingo is Kadleroshilik Pingo 40 km southeast of Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, with 54 m above the surrounding lake plain. Limited examples of the internal structure of a pingo exist and are typically observed in rare cases of pingo collapse due to coastal, fluvial, or thermokarst erosion (Mackay, 1998), derived by mechanical drilling, or measured using geophysical techniques (Yoshikawa et al, 2006;Ross et al, 2005Ross et al, , 2007. Various morphological and structural characteristics of pingos and the dynamics of their formation and collapse are intensely discussed in the literature mentioned above and will therefore not be repeated here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution of pingos in northern Asia

Grosse

Jones

2011

The Cryosphere

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Abstract. Pingos are prominent periglacial landforms in vast regions of the Arctic and Subarctic. They are indicators of modern and past conditions of permafrost, surface geology, hydrology and climate. A first version of a detailed spatial geodatabase of 6059 pingo locations in a 3.5 × 10 6 km 2 region of northern Asia was assembled from topographic maps. A first order analysis was carried out with respect to permafrost, landscape characteristics, surface geology, hydrology, climate, and elevation datasets using a Geographic Information System (GIS). Pingo heights in the dataset vary between 2 and 37 m, with a mean height of 4.8 m. About 64% of the pingos occur in continuous permafrost with high ice content and thick sediments; another 19% in continuous permafrost with moderate ice content and thick sediments. The majority of these pingos are likely hydrostatic pingos, which are typical of those located in drained thermokarst lake basins of northern lowlands with continuous permafrost. About 82% of the pingos are located in the tundra bioclimatic zone. Most pingos in the dataset are located in regions with mean annual ground temperatures between −3 and −11 • C and mean annual air temperatures between −7 and −18 • C. The dataset confirms that surface geology and hydrology are key factors for pingo formation and occurrence. Based on model predictions for near-future permafrost distribution, about 2073 pingos (34%) along the southern margins of permafrost will be located in regions with thawing permafrost by 2100, which ultimately may lead to increased occurrence of pingo collapse. Based on our dataset and previously published estimates of pingo numbers from other regions, we conclude that there are more than 11 000 pingos on Earth.

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“…Several studies have demonstrated the potential of GPR for exploring permafrost environments, e.g., to estimate active-layer thickness (Arcone et al, 1998), to detect ground-ice bodies and ice layers (Yoshikawa et al, 2006;Brandt et al, 2007;De Pascale et al, 2008;Schwamborn et al, 2008), or to image specific periglacial morphologies (Doolittle et al, 1992;Moorman et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D ground-penetrating radar imaging of ice complex deposits in northern East Siberia

et al. 2016

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Ice complex deposits are characteristic, ice-rich formations in northern East Siberia and represent an important part in the arctic carbon pool. Recently, these late Quaternary deposits are the objective of numerous investigations typically relying on outcrop and borehole data. Many of these studies can benefit from a 3D structural model of the subsurface for upscaling their observations or for constraining estimations of inventories, such as the local carbon stock. We have addressed this problem of structural imaging by 3D groundpenetrating radar (GPR), which, in permafrost studies, has been primarily used for 2D profiling. We have used a 3D kinematic GPR surveying strategy at a field site located in the New Siberian Archipelago on top of an ice complex. After applying a 3D GPR processing sequence, we were able to trace two horizons at depths below 20 m. Taking available borehole and outcrop data into account, we have interpreted these two features as interfaces of major lithologic units and derived a 3D cryostratigraphic model of the subsurface. Our data example demonstrated that a 3D surveying and processing strategy was crucial at our field site and showed the potential of 3D GPR to image geologic structures in complex ice-rich permafrost landscapes.

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Comparison of geophysical investigations for detection of massive ground ice (pingo ice)

Cited by 81 publications

References 29 publications

Permafrost and climate in Europe: Monitoring and modelling thermal, geomorphological and geotechnical responses

Permafrost and climate in Europe: Monitoring and modelling thermal, geomorphological and geotechnical responses

Spatial distribution of pingos in northern Asia

3D ground-penetrating radar imaging of ice complex deposits in northern East Siberia

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