Comparison of genotypic diversity in native and introduced populations of Sphaeropsis sapinea isolated from Pinus radiata

Burgess, Treena I.; Wingfield, Brenda D.; Wingfield, Michael J.

doi:10.1017/s0953756201005056

Cited by 59 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Several studies with vegetative compatibility groups and molecular markers showed a high genetic variability of S. sapinea morphotype A in some areas, e.g. South Africa [33,181]. A recent study using SSR markers, however, revealed an overall low diversity and no geographic differentiation at a regional and even world scale [34].…”

Section: Sphaeropsis Sapinea-pinusmentioning

confidence: 98%

Interactive effects of drought and pathogens in forest trees

et al. 2006

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-This review synthesizes the available knowledge on drought-disease interactions in forest trees with a focus on (1) evidence and patterns of drought-disease interactions, (2) current understanding of processes and mechanisms, and (3) three well documented cases studies. The first part is based on the analysis of a database of slightly more than one hundred studies, obtained by keyword searches combining drought, diseases or pathogens, and forest trees. A large majority of published studies referred to a positive association between drought and disease, i.e. disease favoured by drought or drought and disease acting synergistically on tree health status, with a predominance of canker/dieback diseases, caused by pathogens like Botryosphaeria, Sphaeropsis, Cytospora and Biscognauxia (Hypoxylon). The type of disease-related variables (incidence vs. severity) and the intensity and timing of water stress were shown to be significant factors affecting the drought-infection interaction. Interactions with other abiotic stresses and species-specific and genetic effects, related to host or pathogen, have also been reported. Direct effects of drought on pathogens are generally negative, although most fungal pathogens exhibit an important plasticity and can grow at water potentials well below the minimum for growth of their host plants. Studies on indirect effects of drought on pathogens through other community interactions are still relatively scarce. Positive drought-infection effects can mostly be explained by indirect effects of drought on host physiology. The predisposition and the multiple stress hypotheses are presented, as well as recent developments in the study of the molecular basis of abiotic and biotic stress, and their interactions. Sphaeropsis sapinea on pines, Biscognauxia mediterranea on oaks and root pathogens in declines associated with drought provide illustrative examples, treated as case studies, of pathogens of current significance associated with drought. The conclusion highlights some knowledge gaps, e.g. the role of latent parasites and the shift to a pathogenic stage, or the genetics of some fungal groups. The need for prevention of pathogen dispersal, especially crucial in the case of latent pathogens, is emphasized. drought / water stress / pathogenic fungi / predisposition / forest trees Résumé -Interactions entre sécheresse et agents pathogènes chez les arbres forestiers. Cette revue synthétise les connaissances actuelles sur les interactions entre sécheresse et maladies chez les arbres forestiers, avec trois grandes parties : (1) description des types d'interaction ; (2) connaissances acquises sur les mécanismes impliqués ; (3) trois études de cas bien étudiées. La première partie est basée sur l'analyse d'une base de données d'une centaine d'études, sélectionnées par recherche sur mots clés. La plupart de ces études se rapportent à des maladies favorisées par la sécheresse ou à un effet synergique entre sécheresse et maladie sur l'état sanitaire des arbres, avec une prédominance de m...

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Section: Sphaeropsis Sapinea-pinusmentioning

confidence: 98%

Interactive effects of drought and pathogens in forest trees

et al. 2006

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“…Kick (= Sphareopsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko and Sutton), donde se pueden presentar hasta tres morfotipos, que difieren entre sí de acuerdo a las tasas de crecimiento, forma y color de colonias, tamaño y forma de las conidias y por último al hospedante de donde se obtengan los aislados (De Wet et al 2000, Burgess et al 2001.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Distribución geográfica y caracterización fenotípica y molecular de Neonectria fuckeliana, asociado a cancros fustales de Pinus radiata en Chile

et al. 2015

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450 km in the coast from Biobío Region (5860100N - 627358E 18H) to Los Lagos Region (5423863N - 636153E 18G) in Chile. Phenotypically, three colors of colonies were identified: red, yellow and pale yellow; red being the predominant (> 70 %) in all locations. In addition, it was determined that isolates recovered in Region of La Araucanía had higher growth and conidia sizes than those of Los Ríos Region. Molecular characterization confirmed the identification of N. fuckeliana, with 99 % identity with sequences of N.fuckeliana from Europe and New Zealand deposited in Genbank (KJ022020 and HQ840404) without genetic differences among Chilean isolates obtained in this study.]]>

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“…However, only D. pinea is known to have been introduced to southern hemisphere pine plantations (Swart et al 1991, Stanosz et al 1999, de Wet et al 2000, Burgess & Wingfield 2001, Burgess et al 2001a, Burgess et al 2004. The origin of D. pinea populations in exotic plantations was impossible to determine due to the lack of equivalent unique alleles in native populations (Burgess et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and the relatively recent discovery of its endophytic nature suggests it is present in pines wherever they grow (Petrini & Fisher 1988, Stanosz et al 1995, Smith et al 1996, Burgess, Wingfield & Wingfield 2001a, Flowers et al 2001), although it is not known if it is native to all regions or if it has been introduced by the activities of man. D. pinea was thought to be a single species consisting of at least three morphotypes (Palmer, Stewart & Wingfield 1987, Hausner et al 1999, Stanosz, Swart & Smith 1999, de Wet et al 2000, Burgess, Wingfield & Wingfield 2001b, Zhou, Smith & Stanosz 2001.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, initial investigations resulted in isolation of only D. scrobiculata from P. radiata in California (Burgess et al 2001a), suggesting that D. pinea may not be a resident in native populations. This is of concern, because P. radiata in its native range is already threatened by loss of habitat to development, diminished regeneration due to fire suppression and accelerated mortality due to pitch canker.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geographic isolation of Diplodia scrobiculata and its association with native Pinus radiata

Burgess

Gordon

Wingfield³

et al. 2004

Mycological Research

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Diplodia pinea (syn. Sphaeropsis sapinea) is a well-known latent pathogen of Pinus spp. with a worldwide distribution. As such, this fungus is native where pines are endemic in the northern hemisphere and it has been introduced into all countries of the Southern Hemisphere where pines are exotic. The newly described D. scrobiculata (formerly known as the B morphotype of D. pinea) is thought to have a much more limited distribution. D. scrobiculata was first reported as an endophyte and weak pathogen of P. banksiana, where it was found to coexist with D. pinea. Diplodia scrobiculata is now known to have a much broader distribution in Northern America and Europe. In this study, seven Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers were used to evaluate genetic diversity and gene flow between populations of D. scrobiculata. Results indicate a strong geographic isolation between populations of D. scrobiculata from different regions in North America, with unique alleles fixed in the different populations. The data fits the isolation by distance model indicating limited dispersal. Geographic isolation in combination with isolation by distance suggests prolonged reproductive isolation. Intensive collections of endophytes from native P. radiata in California have yielded only D. scrobiculata and not the significantly more pathogenic D. pinea. SSR analysis of three populations of D. scrobiculata from native P. radiata identified many shared alleles among the populations and moderate to high gene flow between them. The three Californian populations are distant and distinct from populations of D. scrobiculata from elsewhere. Under stress conditions, P. radiata is known to be very susceptible to D. pinea in plantations in the Southern Hemisphere. Native P. radiata is currently experiencing severe stress due to pitch canker caused by Fusarium circinatum. Such stress would provide ideal conditions for an associated outbreak of D. pinea. Thus, it is critical to prevent the movement of D. pinea into the last remaining native stands of P. radiata.

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Comparison of genotypic diversity in native and introduced populations of Sphaeropsis sapinea isolated from Pinus radiata

Cited by 59 publications

References 30 publications

Interactive effects of drought and pathogens in forest trees

Interactive effects of drought and pathogens in forest trees

Distribución geográfica y caracterización fenotípica y molecular de Neonectria fuckeliana, asociado a cancros fustales de Pinus radiata en Chile

Geographic isolation of Diplodia scrobiculata and its association with native Pinus radiata

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