Comparison of genomes of eight species of sections Linum and Adenolinum from the genus Linum based on chromosome banding, molecular markers and RAPD analysis

Abstract

Karyotypes of species sects. Linum and Adenolinum have been studied using C/DAPI-banding, Ag-NOR staining, FISH with 5S and 26S rDNA and RAPD analysis. C/DAPI-banding patterns enabled identification of all homologous chromosome pairs in the studied karyotypes. The revealed high similarity between species L. grandiflorum (2n = 16) and L. decumbens by chromosome and molecular markers proved their close genome relationship and identified the chromosome number in L. decumbens as 2n = 16. The similarity found for C/DAPI-banding patterns between species with the same chromosome numbers corresponds with the results obtained by RAPD-analysis, showing clusterization of 16-, 18- and 30-chromosome species into three separate groups. 5S rDNA and 26S rDNA were co-localized in NOR-chromosome 1 in the genomes of all species investigated. In 30-chromosome species, there were three separate 5S rDNA sites in chromosomes 3, 8 and 13. In 16-chromosome species, a separate 5S rDNA site was also located in chromosome 3, whereas in 18-chromosome species it was found in the long arm of NOR-chromosome 1. Thus, the difference in localization of rDNA sites in species with 2n = 16, 2n = 30 and 2n = 18 confirms taxonomists opinion, who attributed these species to different sects. Linum and Adenolinum, respectively. The obtained results suggest that species with 2n = 16, 2n = 18 and 2n = 30 originated from a 16-chromosome ancestor.

Comparative cytogenetic study of the forms of Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. From different localities

“…It is known that in such plants heterochromatin is mainly localized in centromeric regions, and less frequently, in the intercalary and telomeric regions [35,[38][39][40][41]. Comparative analysis of chromosomes of the forms under study revealed their C banding polymorphism.…”

“…Comparative analysis of chromosomes of the forms under study revealed their C banding polymorphism. Considerable variability in the secondary constriction length of the satellite chromosome 1 in both Macleaya cordata forms apparently is in connection with differ ent functional state of the nucleolus forming regions of the chromosomes [23,35,42,43].…”

“…To study the plant species with small chromo somes, various cytogenetic markers are typically used including 45S and 5S rDNA [35,37,51,52]. Informa tion on 26S and 5S rDNA loci was included in the "chromosome passport" of M. cordata to improve its reliability and information value (Fig.…”

“…M. cordata chromo somes were pretreated with DNA intercalator 9 ami noacridine (9 AMA) for stretching. Chromosome preparation, C banding, and analysis of metaphase plates and C block polymorphism were performed according to the previously reported protocols [32][33][34][35].…”

“…FISH was performed using samples of 26S and 5S rDNA obtained in PCR on Linum austriacum L. genome DNA according to a previously reported technique [35,37]. Sample of 26S rDNA was labeled with biotin using a Biotin Nick translation mix (Roche, Switzer land) and 5s rDNA sample, with digoxigenin using a DIG Nick translation mix (Roche).…”