Comparison of gas chromatography techniques for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in sediments

Review of scientific literature on available methods of assessing organochlorine pesticides in the environment

“…Then, it was increased at a rate of 10 °C/min to 290 °C and maintained for 15 min” [ 187 ] Sediment 0.00015–0.0003 ng/mL 72–110 GC-MS: “The oven temperature was programmed as follows: maintain 80 °C for 1 min, then increase at 20 °C/min to 150 °C and then at 5 °C/min to 300 °C, and then hold at the final temperature for 5 min” [ 188 ] Sediment 14 MS/NCI: 0.03–2.24; ECD: 1.2–4.6 MCI: 0.11–7.41L; ECD: 3.9–15.2 NCI: 88.6–120 %; ECD: 81.8–117 % NCI: 0.2–1.7; ECD: 0.4–2.7 ECD: “Initial temperature 90 °C held for 1 min; ramped at 30 °C/min to 200 °C, not held, 2 °C/min to 235 °C, not held, 20 °C/min to 300 °C, held for 10 min, RT: 50–60 min”; GC-MS/NCI: “Initial temperature 40 °C held for 1min; ramped 50 °C/min to 110 °C, not held; 5 °C/min to303 °C, not held: 20 °C/min to 335 °C, held for 5.4 min. RT: 45–48 min” [ 189 ] Sediment 18 MDL: 0.056–0.918 Sur: 60-13 <20 GC-ECD: “Initial column temperature started at 100 °C, was kept for 1 min and raised to 320 °C at a rate of 4 °C/min and held for 5 min” [ 190 ] sediment 21 0.003–0.080 Spiked recovery: 81.3–94.2; surrogate recovery: 73.6–112.7 % and; 68.7–101.8 <15 GC-μECD and GC–MS: “Splitless, oven temperatures were programmed from 60 to 170 °C (at the rate of 25 °C/min, hold 2 min), from 170 to 250 °C (at the rate of 3 °C/min, hold 4 min), from 250 to 280 °C (at the rate of 4 °C/min, hold 1 min), and finally from 280 to 300 °C (at the rate of 20 °C/min) [ 86 ] Sediment 11 0.05 80.26–95.89 GC-MS/MS [ 191 ] Sediment 20 0.003–0.08 ...…”

“… S/N LOD MDL LOQ Reference 1 3σ 10σ [ 17 ] 2 3SD [ 255 , 122 , [274] , [275] , [276] ]. [ 98 , 256 ] 4 concentration of native Component in the quantification standard divided by 3S/N [ 26 , 87 ], 4 3SD 10SD [ 189 ] 5 mean of solvent blank + 25 ppb of surrogate standard, + 3SD [ 275 ] 6 10S/N [ 85 ] 7 2SD 10SD [ 277 ] 8 S + 3.3σ 3*LOD [ 93 ] 9 Sum of average of blank data and 3SD 10SD (i.e. MQL) [ 177 ] 10 Average of all blanks + 3SD [ 73 , [94] , [95]...…”

“…In order to isolate and identify specific chemicals based on their vaporization characteristics, gas chromatography (GC) is frequently employed to evaluate volatile OCPs [ 67 ]. GC-ECD is frequently used due to its excellent resolution and affordability [ 189 ]. However, a high-temperature GC analysis may not be suitable for OCPs due to the potential for thermal degradation or insufficient separation, and thus temperature optimization is critical [ 417 ].…”

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in high mountain lakes, Mexico

“…Another 3 mL of n-hexane was added, until the solvent reached the surface of the column. The column was lled to avoid the orisil from drying out (García et al 2020). 1 mL of organic extract was transferred into the orisil cartridge.…”

Self-Cleaning-Mediated SERS Chip Coupled Chemometric Algorithms for Detection and Photocatalytic Degradation of Pesticides in Food

“…Currently, traditional approaches are commonly applied for the monitoring of pesticide residues in different food samples. These methods include mass spectroscopy (MS), high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography (GC). − Despite their usefulness, these methods also have several shortcomings such as tedious pretreatment, complicated operation, and high cost. Therefore, the development of a rapid, simple, cost-effective, and trustworthy method is urgently required.…”