Comparison of Gait Patterns Between Healthy and Scoliotic Patients Using Time and Frequency Domain Analysis of Ground Reaction Forces

Baltzopoulos, V.; Dangerfield, Peter

doi:10.1097/00004694-199703000-00044

Cited by 7 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…According to movement direction, anteroposterior forces combine automatically with mediolateral or vertical forces to control GRF without compromising the dynamical balance. Giakas et al [17] previously showed in scoliotic patients that anteroposterior forces combined with mediolateral forces during gait, which has also been demonstrated in this study. According to a recent work concerning lateral step initiation [8], anteroposterior forces were defined as the most representative parameter to study the dynamical asymmetry of a motor production in the SG whatever the stepping direction is.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Larger computed AI variability may be a cue of such a progressive behaviour. These results observed in two orthogonal planes are confirmed by previous studies of gait and standing postures [12,17]. Ontogenic development of spinal deformity associated with the morphotype of SG and with the consequences of biomechanical aspect [1] may explain the variability of dynamic motor strategies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Large asymmetry of GRF gait has already been demonstrated in mediolateral component [11,18]. Giakas et al [17] have shown high GRF frequencies for SG and Schizas et al [25] have shown asymmetry of vertical GRF superior to 4% in SG. These stepping direction results demonstrate no functional asymmetry for CG, which contradicts the results of De Vita et al [13] for whom asymmetry exists in normal gait.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…We have demonstrated that scoliotic patients compensate for the effect of pathological curvature through a specific GRF strategy in terms of time-distance parameters. According to Giakas et al [17] GRF components for patients suffering from scoliosis are altogether combined to compensate the curvature asymmetry to ensure balance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ectomorphic somatotype and one-curvature scoliosis [15] were shown to be both postural instability sources. In a dynamic context, gait studies reported an asymmetry between left and right limbs [11,25] linked to an increase of the mediolateral ground reaction forces variability [17]. Spinal deformity generates postural perturbations, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamical asymmetries in idiopathic scoliosis during forward and lateral initiation step

et al. 2009

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Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is characterized by morphological trunk modifications acting on body mass distribution. Some specific biomechanical strategies during postural regulation have been reported. Given that spinal deformity is three-dimensional, some strategy analysis resulting from different stepping directions should lead to a better understanding of the dynamic adaptation of behaviour. The aim of this study is to identify dynamic strategies of AIS patients stepping in lateral and forward directions. Ten AIS patients with a right thoracic curve and 15 controlled volunteers have been tested. Ground reaction forces (GRF) have been recorded for rightlimb stepping and for left-limb stepping associated to forward and lateral directions. Force amplitudes, corresponding occurrences, impulses of stepping phases and an asymmetry index have been computed. Asymmetry and variability increased in the AIS group, compared to the control group, whatever the stepping direction is. Asymmetry for AIS patients systematically provides an increased left initiation GRF compared to a right initiation. Nevertheless, for both groups, lateral initiation shows the largest asymmetry index reported for a forward initiation. More precisely, adaptive dynamic strategies for the AIS group have been characterized by an asymmetry between right and left limbs for lateral and forward initiation. These results can be explained by the influence of scoliosis pathology on dynamic movements due to spinal deformity. A right thoracic curve leads to an extra weight on the limb, which needs to be moved; consequently, stepping initiation with the right limb was more challenging for patients than stepping with the left limb. For the AIS group, the observed variability can also depend on the ontogenesis of adaptive strategies. Lateral step initiation has to be considered as the most relevant paradigm to study scoliosis and may also serve as a clinical basis for treatment to analyse the dynamic postural control and asymmetry strategies of the scoliosis patient.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamical asymmetries in idiopathic scoliosis during forward and lateral initiation step

et al. 2009

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Idiopathic scoliosis: relations between the Cobb angle and the dynamical strategies when sitting on a seesaw

Bruyneel¹,

Chavet²,

Ebermeyer³

et al. 2010

Eur Spine J

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The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the severity of the spinal curve on the postural regulation when self-imposed disturbances occur in a seated position in anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) orientations. Twelve female adolescents with a right thoracic scoliosis (Cobb = 30.4°± 9.7) were included in this study. The ground reaction forces (GRF) were studied while the subjects were maintaining their sitting on a seesaw (ML or AP destabilisation). Five conditions were tested: eyes open; with additional loads placed onto the subject's right or left shoulder; or onto the subject's right or left pelvis. We tested the correlation between the Cobb angle and the postural parameters (index of performance and GRF variability) for each condition. When the destabilisation was AP, the Cobb angle was significantly correlated with GRF variability and anterior and concavity index of performance. Two conditions showed higher correlations: stabilisation with the concavity pelvis load (GRF variability) and the open eyes (index of performance). In contrast, whatever the condition tested was, no link was found when the destabilisations were applied in ML direction. The destabilisation in a seated position highlights the influence of the curve severity on the postural organisation. In seated position, the postural control strategies specific to the scoliotic patients were always correlated by severity of curve, especially when the destabilisation is applied in AP directions. This study showed that the unstable seating position can be considered as a pertinent paradigm to help finding a postural clinical index for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

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Asymmetrical gait in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis

et al. 2013

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Purpose This study investigated side-to-side gait asymmetry in subjects with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Methods There were 20 adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and 20 age-matched control subjects, who participated in the study. To minimize confounding effects, we recruited patients with similar spinal curvature for the scoliosis group, and all participants are right hand dominant. The participants were instructed to ambulate on a 10 m walkway while barefoot. There were two force plates in the middle of the walkway. The ground reaction force (GRF) and angular displacements of six segments (foot, shank, thigh, pelvis, trunk, and head) were measured during one gait cycle based on the right and left lower extremities. To remove the positional information in the kinematic data, the derivative of angular displacement in each segment was calculated. To evaluate the side-to-side gait symmetry, we calculated the cross-correlation of each bilateral gait parameter. Results In the kinematics, the scoliosis group demonstrated asymmetrical gait in the frontal and transverse planes compared to the control group. In the GRF data, the scoliosis group demonstrated asymmetrical gait in the medial-lateral (M/L) direction compared to the control group.Conclusions These results indicated that the scoliosis group produced an asymmetrical rotation pattern of the segments bilaterally in the frontal and transverse planes, resulting in asymmetrical GRF patterns in the M/L direction. This asymmetrical gait may be produced by changes in global postural control during gait and not simply by changes in control of only one or two specific segments.

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Comparison of Gait Patterns Between Healthy and Scoliotic Patients Using Time and Frequency Domain Analysis of Ground Reaction Forces

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Dynamical asymmetries in idiopathic scoliosis during forward and lateral initiation step

Dynamical asymmetries in idiopathic scoliosis during forward and lateral initiation step

Idiopathic scoliosis: relations between the Cobb angle and the dynamical strategies when sitting on a seesaw

Asymmetrical gait in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis

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