Comparison of Four Trap Types for Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) in Brazilian <I>Eucalyptus</I> Stands

Abstract

Eucalyptus spp. plantations represent >60% of the reforested area in Brazil. Although ambrosia beetle attacks on live trees were at first nonexistent, they have begun to appear with greater frequency. Monitoring for pest insects is a key factor in integrated pest management, and baited traps are one of the most widely used methods for insect population detection and survey. We compared the efficiency of the most widely used trap in Brazil to survey for ambrosia beetles and other Scolytidae, the ESALQ-84 type, with other traditionally employed traps: the multiple funnel (Lindgren trap); drainpipe; and slot (Theyson) traps, in a Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden stand in Brazil. The ESALQ-84 trap was the most efficient in trapping Hypothenemus eruditus Westwood and Hypothenemus obscurus (F.); the multiple funnel trap caught significantly more Cryptocarenus diadematus Eggers; whereas the slot trap caught more Premnobius cavipennis Eichhoff and Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff than the other traps. The drainpipe trap was the least effective trap overall. When corrected for number of beetles caught per trap surface area, catches were significantly higher on the ESALQ-84 trap for the majority of the species analyzed, probably because of a smaller trap surface area. The slot trap was recommended for it caught overall more beetles of the three most economically important scolytid species in eucalypt plantations in Brazil, P. cavipennis, X. affinis, and X. ferrugineus.

Multiscale approach to pest insect monitoring: Random walks, pattern formation, synchronization, and networks

“…They can be of different shape. Traps of a circular shape are most common, although a variety of other shapes and design are used as well [131,48]. The size of the trap is usually much larger (by the factor of ∼ 10…”

“…However, it is instructive to begin with a 1D case when the population density depends on one spatial coordinate only. Moreover, the traps used in pest monitoring often have the shape of a long narrow slot (R. Blackshaw, personal communication; also [48]) and in that case 1D approximation can be expected to provide not only a qualitative but also a quantitative insight into the problem.…”

“…If all animals are identical, the distribution of the step size obtained by pooling from all individuals will coincide with (48). However, if the diffusivity D is a random variable distributed with probability density χ(D), the resulting distribution of the step size becomes [121,126]:…”

Some analytical and numerical approaches to understanding trap counts resulting from pest insect immigration

“…This can be a challenging task, especially at the corner points if the trap has a shape other than circular, and indeed use of traps of various shapes and designs has been increasingly common (cf. Flechtmann et al, 2000). Thus, we have to pay a special attention to numerical issues before discussing ecological results.…”

Novo Modelo de Armadilha para Captura de Scolytinae e Platypodinae (Insecta, Coleoptera)

“…Desse modo, implementar projetos desse tipo de equipamento, que proponham armadilhas baratas, eficientes e práticas, ou mesmo trabalhos que avaliem condições de uso desses equipamentos, são informações almejadas nas pesquisas que versam sobre o aprimoramento das etapas do monitoramento de insetos. Concernente a essas pesquisas, há trabalhos que propõem um modelo de armadilha que explora a atração primária de toras à Scolytinae (Flechtmann & Gaspareto, 1997), armadilha etanólica (Berti-Filho & Flechtmann, 1986, análises da influência da cor e da altura de instalação de armadilhas na captura de Scolytinae (Strom & Goyer, 2001;Chen et al, 2010), projetos que propõem o uso de materiais reciclados na fabricação desses equipamentos (Moser & Browne, 1978;Carvalho, 1998;Murari et al, 2012;Steininger et al, 2015) e, por fim, pesquisas que analisam a eficiência de captura de diferentes modelos de armadilha (Carrano-Moreira et al, 1994;Flechtmann et al, 2000).…”