Comparison of Four Electrical Measurement Methods with Bulk Diffusion for Assessing the Chloride Resistance of Concretes

Pilvar, Amirreza; Ramezanianpour, Ali Akbar; Rajaie, Hossein

doi:10.1007/s40996-016-0031-2

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It is to be noted that such a system would require a substantial power source to function. 82 This can be a challenge if used in an IC-sized system which needs to work autonomously away from a source of reliable power supply. Micro processing power would also be required to conduct the mathematical computation necessary.…”

Section: Ancillary Circuit Simplicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The system would require a substantial power source to function. 82 Apart from the power needs required to take readings, the system would need to operate periodically to take measurements as the physics involved means that the system is not capable of turning itself on automatically when chloride ion presence occurs beyond a given threshold.…”

Section: Sensor Simplicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microscale miniaturisation of chloride ion detection sensors for long‐term embedding in reinforced concrete structures

Sammut

Gatt

Borg

2021

Struct Control Health Monit

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Chloride ions are a potential cause of rebar corrosion in a reinforced concrete (RC) structure. Corrosion causes the rebar to expand, thereby stressing the concrete and causing the structure to deteriorate in time. An embedded chloride ion sensory system would enable real-time detection of chloride ions in the pore solution which enables timely corrective action to be taken to save the structure. Ideally, such a sensory system would be a miniature, low-cost and durable integrated circuit (IC)-sized device. This would enable widespread deployment of such a system inside many of the RC structures being built around the world.This literature review paper endeavours to look at currently existing technology in a bid to identify technology areas which can be developed through future research to design an operational IC-sized chloride ion detection system. Such a review is highly innovative as such sensors have not yet been miniaturised to the microscale IC level. The paper also uses a specifically developed parametric score system through which the best technology for miniaturisation could be identified.After comparing the various technologies which can be used to build the miniaturised chloride ion detection, the area which was found to be most promising was one based on potential measurement using galvanic voltage measurement.

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Section: Ancillary Circuit Simplicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensor Simplicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscale miniaturisation of chloride ion detection sensors for long‐term embedding in reinforced concrete structures

Sammut

Gatt

Borg

2021

Struct Control Health Monit

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“…in the pore solution not just chloride ions, the presence of conductive materials in the concrete matrix can influence readings, and the applied voltage may increase temperature which may impact results [18], [19]. Further, electrical methods may be imprecise for concrete containing pozzolanic materials as the OHions which are involved in the conductivity of the pore solution is consumed, thereby impacting conductivity readings [20]. Therefore, in addition to electrical methods, there is a need to assess the chloride ion penetration resistance of FRA concrete using other methods to widen the knowledge base on recycled aggregate concrete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloride penetration resistance of fine recycled aggregate concrete

Amadi

Beushausen²,

Alexander³

et al. 2022

MATEC Web Conf.

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This study investigates the chloride penetration resistance of fine recycled aggregate concrete (FRAC). Six concrete mixes comprising 0.45 and 0.55 w/b were prepared using fine recycled aggregates (FRA) at 0, 25 and 50% by volume replacement of natural sand. The chloride penetration resistance of the concrete was tested using the surface electrical resistivity (SER), chloride conductivity index (CCI), and the bulk diffusion tests. The SER and CCI tests were conducted after 28 days and 180 days of wet curing, while the bulk diffusion test was carried out after 28 days of wet curing and 180 days of exposure to chloride solution. Results show that the SER of FRA concrete was comparable to the control concrete, at all ages tested. The 28-day CCI of the concrete was impacted as FRA replacement levels increased, whereas at 180 days of testing, the FRA concrete mixes showed more significant improvement in CCI than the control natural aggregate concrete (NAC). The bulk diffusion results indicate that, for each w/b, the chloride diffusion profiles of the control and FRA concrete are comparable.

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“…Some organizations uses the ER measurements for construction and maintenance procedures [ 13 , 14 ]. It is discussed in prior studies that ER can be correlated to corrosion rate [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ] and chloride diffusivity [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. By definition, electrical resistivity is generally a means of measuring the water content and micropore structure of a concrete structure, hence making it good in analyzing concrete’s strength and durability [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Geometrical Constraints to the Wenner Four-Point Electrical Resistivity Test of Reinforced Concrete Slabs

Robles

Yee

Kee

2021

Sensors

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The main objectives of this study are to evaluate the effect of geometrical constraints of plain concrete and reinforced concrete slabs on the Wenner four-point concrete electrical resistivity (ER) test through numerical and experimental investigation and to propose measurement recommendations for laboratory and field specimens. First, a series of numerical simulations was performed using a 3D finite element model to investigate the effects of geometrical constraints (the dimension of concrete slabs, the electrode spacing and configuration, and the distance of the electrode to the edges of concrete slabs) on ER measurements of concrete. Next, a reinforced concrete slab specimen (1500 mm (width) by 1500 mm (length) by 300 mm (thickness)) was used for experimental investigation and validation of the numerical simulation results. Based on the analytical and experimental results, it is concluded that measured ER values of regularly shaped concrete elements are strongly dependent on the distance-to-spacing ratio of ER probes (i.e., distance of the electrode in ER probes to the edges and/or the bottom of the concrete slabs normalized by the electrode spacing). For the plain concrete, it is inferred that the thickness of the concrete member should be at least three times the electrode spacing. In addition, the distance should be more than twice the electrode spacing to make the edge effect almost negligible. It is observed that the findings from the plain concrete are also valid for the reinforced concrete. However, for the reinforced concrete, the ER values are also affected by the presence of reinforcing steel and saturation of concrete, which could cause disruptions in ER measurements

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Comparison of Four Electrical Measurement Methods with Bulk Diffusion for Assessing the Chloride Resistance of Concretes

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Microscale miniaturisation of chloride ion detection sensors for long‐term embedding in reinforced concrete structures

Microscale miniaturisation of chloride ion detection sensors for long‐term embedding in reinforced concrete structures

Chloride penetration resistance of fine recycled aggregate concrete

Effect of the Geometrical Constraints to the Wenner Four-Point Electrical Resistivity Test of Reinforced Concrete Slabs

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