Comparison of Foliar Dissipation and Turf Dislodgeable Residue Sampling Techniques

Cowell, J.; Adams, Steven; Kunstman, James L.; Mueth, M.

doi:10.1021/bk-1993-0522.ch010

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Dislodgeable foliar residues were collected using a method similar to that described by Thompson et al (1984) that is thought to provide a good estimate of unbound dislodgeable residues (Cowell et al, 1993). A 20 × 20 cm piece of distilled‐water‐dampened cheesecloth (Fisher Scientific) was used to wipe a 9.3‐dm 2 area of herbicide treated turfgrass eight times to assure that the entire area was uniformly wiped.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissipation of Foliar Carfentrazone Residues after Application to a Tall Fescue Lawn and Implications for Human Exposure

Cooper

Shea

Gannon

et al. 2017

Intl Turfgrass Soc Res J

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Dislodgeable foliar residues (DFR) are a primary route for human exposure after pesticide application to turfgrass areas. The portion of applied pesticide available for human exposure via dislodgeable residues depends on various factors. In this study, DFR were determined over a 15‐d period after carfentrazone application to an established stand of ‘Confederate’ tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb). Dislodgeable foliar residues were determined by wiping treated turfgrass with a distilled‐water‐dampened cheesecloth and analyzing samples using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Less than 20% of the applied carfentrazone (18,000 ng dm−2) was dislodged, with 13.8% dislodged immediately after application. Dislodgeable foliar residues as determined 1, 4, and 8 h after treatment contributed an additional 5.5% to the applied carfentrazone dislodged from tall fescue foliage. One day after treatment (DAT), carfentrazone dislodgeable residue levels had declined to below 1% of that applied and were nondetectable 3 DAT and after. Carfentrazone residues resulted in a maximum estimated hazard quotient <1 for the duration of the study, indicating that potential human toxicological effects associated with maximum field residue levels are unlikely. This work indicates that carfentrazone poses minimal risk to human health via dermal exposure applied per label recommendations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissipation of Foliar Carfentrazone Residues after Application to a Tall Fescue Lawn and Implications for Human Exposure

Cooper

Shea

Gannon

et al. 2017

Intl Turfgrass Soc Res J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Dislodgeable foliar residues were collected using a method similar to that described by Thompson et al (1984), which is thought to provide a good estimate of unbound dislodgeable residues (Cowell et al, 1993). A 20-cm ´20-cm piece of distilled-water-dampened cheesecloth (Fisher Scientific) was used to wipe a 9.3-dm 2 area eight times to assure that the entire area was uniformly wiped.…”

Section: Dislodgeable Foliar Residue Collection Extraction and Analmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissipation of Foliar Bifenthrin Residues after Application to a Tall Fescue Lawn and Implications for Human Exposure

Cooper

Peacock

Shea

et al. 2017

Intl Turfgrass Soc Res J

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Dislodgeable foliar residues (DFR) can be a primary route for human exposure after pesticide application to turfgrass areas. Consequently, a significant portion of applied pesticide may be available for human exposure via dislodgeable residues. In this study, DFR were determined over a 15‐d period after 6 Oct. 2006 application of the insecticide bifenthrin {2‐methylbiphenyl‐3‐ylmethyl (1RS,3RS)‐3‐[(Z)‐2‐chloro‐3,3,3‐trifluoroprop‐1‐enyl]‐2,2‐dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate} to a mature stand of ‘Confederate’ tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb). Foliar residues were determined by wiping treated turfgrass with a distilled‐water‐dampened cheesecloth and analyzing samples using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Approximately 35% of the total applied bifenthrin (213,000 ng dm−2) was available to be dislodged over 15 d with 34% DFR loss occurring immediately after application. Residue loss measured 3 and 8 h after treatment contributed an additional 0.5% of the total applied bifenthrin dislodged from the foliar surface. Maximum bifenthrin DFR detected immediately after application resulted in a maximum estimated hazard quotient of 1.1 × 103 for the 15‐d study, indicating possible human toxicological implications. Residue levels detected 2, 5, 7, 11 and 15 d after application measured <1% of total applied bifenthrin, indicating minimal human health risk when applied at the labeled rate.

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“…Water originating from urban areas and golf courses has been found to contain pesticide concentrations exceeding environmental and drinking water standards (Cohen et al, 1999; USGS, 1999). There is also concern regarding exposure to pesticides on reentry to treated areas, especially for children using turf at school yards and parks (Cowell et al, 1993; Hurto and Prinster, 1993; Sears et al, 1987).…”

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confidence: 99%

Pesticide Decay in Turf: A Review of Processes and Experimental Data

Magri

Haith

2009

J of Env Quality

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Decay rates are central parameters in modeling pesticide fate and transport in the environment. Pesticide decay is usually modeled as a first-order process, and variations in half-life can have significant impacts on model predictions. Decay rates for the foliage and thatch components of turf are scarce, and most simulation efforts must resort to values based on pesticide behavior in soil. This paper describes the main dissipation processes affecting pesticides applied to turf and compares aerobic soil decay rates from the USDA-Agricultural Research Service Pesticide Properties Database (ARS PPD; USDA-ARS, 2006) and from The Pesticide Manual (Tomlin, 2003) to dissipation values in turf found in the literature for 18 pesticides currently registered for turf. Median half-lives were 39.5 d for the ARS values, 35.8 d for Tomlin's values, and 5.7 d for the turf-specific values. The turf dissipation half-lives are considered to be representative of the microbial decay processes occurring in the foliage and thatch layers of well established turf, where the majority of the pesticide is intercepted and retained.

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Comparison of Foliar Dissipation and Turf Dislodgeable Residue Sampling Techniques

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Dissipation of Foliar Carfentrazone Residues after Application to a Tall Fescue Lawn and Implications for Human Exposure

Dissipation of Foliar Carfentrazone Residues after Application to a Tall Fescue Lawn and Implications for Human Exposure

Dissipation of Foliar Bifenthrin Residues after Application to a Tall Fescue Lawn and Implications for Human Exposure

Pesticide Decay in Turf: A Review of Processes and Experimental Data

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