Comparison of five rotary systems regarding design, metallurgy, mechanical performance, and canal preparation—a multimethod research

Martins, Jorge N.R.; Silva, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal; Marques, Duarte; Belladonna, Felipe Gonçalves; Costa, Rui Pereira da; Ginjeira, António; Fernandes, Francisco Manuel Braz; Versiani, Marco Aurélio

doi:10.1007/s00784-021-04311-x

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Over the past years, technological improvements have been proposed in endodontics (e.g., nickel-titanium alloy, instruments with different taper designs, surface finishing, kinematics) aiming to increase safety in clinical procedures, especially those involving narrow curved root canals, achieve faster treatment, improve maintenance of the original canal anatomy, and produce predictable outcomes compared to conventional techniques for root canal treatment 10 , 11 , 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, cyclic and torsional fatigue occurs due to the stress of tension and compression at the point of maximum flexure, especially in curved root canals 13 , 14 with the latter occurring when part of the instrument binds to the root canal while the shank continues to rotate 15 . Several factors can affect the resistance of the instrument, such as its dimensions, tip size and tapper, cross-section design, the chemical composition of the metallic alloy, thermo-mechanical processes applied during manufacturing, remaining defects after the machining process, and experience of the operator 12 , 16 . Furthermore, variation in rotational speed is an important factor regarding clinical performance and fracture resistance of the endodontic instruments 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the rotary kinematics between actual and set speeds of X-Smart Plus, VDW.Silver and iRoot motors

et al. 2023

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The present study evaluated the actual rotational speed of three different endodontic motors compared to the values provided by the manufacturers. A total of three endodontic motors (X-Smart Plus, VDW.Silver, and iRoot) were tested at 400 rpm and 800 rpm and 2 N/cm2 torque. The kinematics of the devices was recorded by using a custom angle-measuring disc with a 50-mm diameter attached to the handpiece provided by the manufacturer, whereas their movement was captured by a high-speed camera at 2,400 frames per second, 800 x 800 pixel-resolution and distance of 0.3 m from the target object. Statistical analysis was performed at a significance level of 5%. At 400 rpm, the iRoot motor had a value of 17.94 rpm above that indicated by the manufacturer, which was significantly different from those of X-Smart Plus (5.20 rpm below that indicated by the manufacturer) and VDW.Silver (0.62 rpm above that indicated by the manufacturer) motors (P < 0.05). At 800 rpm, the iRoot motor had a value of 51.34 rpm below that indicated by the manufacturer, whereas the X-Smart Plus motor had a value of 13.00 rpm below that indicated by the manufacturer (P > 0.05). The VDW.Silver motor statistically differed from the iRoot and X-Smart Plus ones, showing a value of 1.68 rpm above that indicated by the manufacturer. In conclusion, the X-Smart Plus, VDW.Silver, and iRoot motors showed lower variations in the rotational speed values compared to those reported by their manufacturers. The endodontic motors presented different behaviors between them, with the VDW.Silver motor presents the most accurate values and the iRoot presents the most divergent values.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the rotary kinematics between actual and set speeds of X-Smart Plus, VDW.Silver and iRoot motors

et al. 2023

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“…In its martensite form, the NiTi alloy is soft, ductile, and can be easily deformed [ 3 , 5 ], while the R-phase transformation commonly appears as an intermediate phase in most of the commercially available NiTi wires [ 6 ]. Compared to austenitic instruments, it has been reported that heat-treated NiTi instruments have increased cyclic fatigue resistance, strength [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], and flexibility, presenting lower bending loads in the bending tests [ 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multimethod Assessment of a New Customized Heat-Treated Nickel–Titanium Rotary File System

et al. 2022

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This study aimed to compare three endodontic rotary systems. The new Genius Proflex (25/0.04), Vortex Blue (25/0.04), and TruNatomy (26/0.04v) instruments (n = 41 per group) were analyzed regarding design, metallurgy, and mechanical performance, while shaping ability (untouched canal walls, volume of removed dentin and hard tissue debris) was tested in 36 anatomically matched root canals of mandibular molars. The results were compared using one-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey, and Kruskal–Wallis tests, with a significance level set at 5%. All instruments showed symmetrical cross-sections, with asymmetrical blades, no radial lands, no major defects, and almost equiatomic nickel–titanium ratios. Differences were noted in the number of blades, helical angles, cross-sectional design, and tip geometry. The Genius Proflex and the TruNatomy instruments had the highest and lowest R-phase start and finish temperatures, as well as the highest and lowest time and cycles to fracture (p < 0.05), respectively. The TruNatomy had the highest flexibility (p < 0.05), while no differences were observed between the Genius Proflex and the Vortex Blue (p > 0.05). No differences among tested systems were observed regarding the maximum torque, angle of rotation prior to fracture, and shaping ability (p > 0.05). The instruments showed similarities and differences in their design, metallurgy, and mechanical properties. However, their shaping ability was similar, without any clinically significant errors. Understanding these characteristics may help clinicians to make decisions regarding which instrument to choose for a particular clinical situation.

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“…Manufacturers have developed several strategies to overcome these problems, including a modification in instrument design, create new NiTi alloys, and use new activation kinematics [ 9 , 10 ]. Moreover, manufacturers developed several manufacturing methods such as ion implantation, electro-polishing, heat treatment, and thermo-mechanical techniques to enhance the resistance to cyclic fatigue [ 10 – 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Nickel–Titanium Rotary Instruments after Simulated Clinical Use

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2022

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

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Objective. Cyclic fatigue occurred in the curved canal when the instrument freely rotated leading to repeated compressive and tensile stresses. This study aims to evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance (CFR) of new and used 2Shape and AF F-One rotary instrument systems by using an artificial stainless-steel canal. Methods. A total of 80 rotary nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments of two systems were used, 2Shape/TS2 and AF F-ONE/F5 (40 in each group). The instruments were subdivided into group A 20 instruments (10 per system) that remain unused, group B 20 instruments (10 per system) instrumented 20 root canals (each file prepared 1 canal for 2 minutes), group C 20 instruments (10 per system) instrumented 40 canals each for 2 minutes (each file prepared 2 canals), group D of 20 instruments (10 per system) prepared 60 canals each for 2 minutes (each file prepared 3 canals). After each canal instrumentation, the instruments were cleaned and sterilized by autoclave. Then, all the instruments underwent cyclic fatigue testing in an artificial stainless steel canal with a 50° canal curvature and a radius of curvature of 5 mm. The time and number of cycles to failure (NCF) were recorded. Data were analyzed using the Welch ANOVA test for intragroup comparison and the pairwise test for multiple comparisons. Results. The unused instruments of the AF F-One rotary system showed statistically higher CFR than clinically used instruments ( P < 0.05 ). 2Shape system was not affected by clinical use ( P > 0.05 ). The mean NCF of AF F-One instruments was significantly higher than the equivalent file group of 2Shape instruments ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. A reduction in the CFR for AF F-One instruments after use was observed when compared to the new unused file group. The 2Shape system was not affected by clinical use. AF F-One performed better in terms of NCF.

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Comparison of five rotary systems regarding design, metallurgy, mechanical performance, and canal preparation—a multimethod research

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Evaluation of the rotary kinematics between actual and set speeds of X-Smart Plus, VDW.Silver and iRoot motors

Evaluation of the rotary kinematics between actual and set speeds of X-Smart Plus, VDW.Silver and iRoot motors

A Multimethod Assessment of a New Customized Heat-Treated Nickel–Titanium Rotary File System

Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Nickel–Titanium Rotary Instruments after Simulated Clinical Use

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