Comparison of first episode and recurrent major depression patients in terms of cognitive function

Kaygusuz, Çiğdem Çiftçi; Arısoy, Özden; Boztaş, Mehmet Hamid; Sercan, Mustafa

doi:10.5350/dajpn2013260401

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Several studies have also found no association between task performance and symptom severity [ 7 , 49 , 51 , 75 , 76 , 79 , 90 ]. For example, Hammar et al [ 7 ] applied the Stroop paradigm to people in the acute phase of depression and again six months later, when their symptoms had remitted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Executive Function and Information Processing Speed in Major Depression Disorder

et al. 2021

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Background: Major depression is a psychiatric disorder characterized neuropsychologically by poor performance in tasks of memory, attention, processing speed, and executive function. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the evidence regarding the neuropsychological profile of people with major depression and to determine which of two explanatory models—the processing speed hypothesis or the cognitive effort hypothesis—has most empirical support. Methods: We searched three relevant databases and reviewed the reference lists of the articles retrieved. The results obtained with the Trail Making Test and the Stroop Color-Word Test were reviewed for 37 studies published between 1993 and 2020. Results: The empirical evidence supports both hypotheses: cognitive effort and processing speed, suggesting that depression is not only characterized by psychomotor slowing but also involves a specific deficit in executive function. Discussion: We discuss potentially relevant variables that should be considered in future research in order to improve knowledge about the neurocognitive profile of depression. The main limitation of this study derives from the considerable heterogeneity of participants with MD, which makes it difficult to compare and integrate the data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Executive Function and Information Processing Speed in Major Depression Disorder

et al. 2021

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“…Three studies 10,11,14 compared cognition in both individuals with FED and controls as well as individuals with FED and individuals with RD. Two studies 15,16 compared cognition and functioning between individuals with FED and individuals with RD. Six longitudinal studies followed individuals in their FED over time; four of which assessed cognition and two assessed functioning.…”

Section: Brief Description Of Studies Included According To the Aims Of The Systematic Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 2 shows an overview of studies comparing cognitive functioning between FED and recurrent depression (RD). Eleven [9][10][11][14][15][16]18,[45][46][47][48] 3.6 | Functional impairment in FED vs. The NOQAS adapted for cross-sectional studies, rated out of 10, was used when appropriate as opposed to the standard NOQAS for case-control and cohort studies, rated out of 9.…”

Section: Cognitive Impairment In Fed Vs Recurrent Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional and cognitive impairment in the first episode of depression: A systematic review

Varghese

Frey

Schneider

et al. 2021

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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Objectives: To describe the cognitive and functional impairment in individuals with the first episode of major depressive disorder (MDD) as compared to controls and individuals with recurrent MDD. Also to describe the functional and cognitive trajectory after the first episode of MDD.Methods: A total of 52 studies were included in our systematic review. 32 studies compared the cognitive performance between first episode of depression (FED) and controls, 11 studies compared the cognitive performance between recurrent depression (RD) and FED, 10 compared global functioning between RD and FED, four studies assessed cognition in FED over time, and two studies assessed global functioning in FED over time. Results:The majority of studies (n = 22/32, 68.8%) found that FED subjects performed significantly worse than controls on cognitive tests, with processing speed (n = 12) and executive/working memory (n = 11) being the most commonly impaired domains. Seven out of 11 studies (63.6%) found that RD performed significantly worse than FED, with verbal learning and memory being the most commonly impaired domain (n = 4). Most studies (n = 7/10, 70%) did not find a significant difference in global functioning between RD and FED. In three of four longitudinal studies assessing cognition, subgroup analyses were used instead of directly assessing cognition in FED over time while the remaining study found significant cognitive declines over time in FED when compared to controls. The two longitudinal studies assessing functional trajectory found that functioning significantly improved over time, possibly due to the improvement of depressive symptoms. Conclusion:There is strong evidence that cognitive impairment is present during the first episode of depression, and individuals with multiple episodes display greater cognitive impairment than individuals with a single episode. Future studies aimed at identifying predictors of cognitive and functional impairment after the first episode of depression are needed to describe the functional and cognitive trajectory of individuals with the first episode of MDD over time.

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Neurocognitive deficits in depression: a systematic review of cognitive impairment in the acute and remitted state

Kriesche¹,

Woll

Tschentscher³

et al. 2022

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Previous research suggests a broad range of deficits in major depressive disorder. Our goal was to update the current assumptions and investigate the extent of cognitive impairment in depression in the acute and remitted state. A systematic review of the existing literature between 2009 and 2019 assessing the risk of bias within the included studies was performed. Of the 42 articles reviewed, an unclear risk of bias was shown overall. The risk of bias mainly concerned the sample selection, inadequate remedial measures, as well as the lack of blinding the assessors. In the acute phase, we found strong support for impairment in processing speed, learning, and memory. Follow-up studies and direct comparisons revealed less pronounced deficits in remission, however, deficits were still present in attention, learning and memory, and working memory. A positive correlation between the number of episodes and cognitive deficits as well as depression severity and cognitive deficits was reported. The results also demonstrate a resemblance between the cognitive profiles in bipolar disorder and depression. Comparisons of depression with schizophrenia led to unclear results, at times suggesting an overlap in cognitive performance. The main findings support the global deficit hypothesis and align with results from prior meta-analyses and reviews. Recommendations for future research are also presented.

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Comparison of first episode and recurrent major depression patients in terms of cognitive function

Cited by 6 publications

References 77 publications

A Systematic Review of Executive Function and Information Processing Speed in Major Depression Disorder

A Systematic Review of Executive Function and Information Processing Speed in Major Depression Disorder

Functional and cognitive impairment in the first episode of depression: A systematic review

Neurocognitive deficits in depression: a systematic review of cognitive impairment in the acute and remitted state

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