Comparison of Fentanyl, Ketamine, and Lidocaine Combined with Propofol Anesthesia in Patients with Crohn Disease Undergoing Colonoscopy

Abstract

Background Colonoscopy is the predominant invasive procedure for Crohn disease (CD) patients. Opioids and propofol carry risks of respiratory and cardiovascular complications. This study aimed to evaluate whether substituting fentanyl with ketamine or lidocaine could diminish propofol usage and minimize adverse events. Material/Methods In total, 146 patients with CD scheduled for elective colonoscopy were assigned to anesthesia with fentanyl (n=47), ketamine (n=47), or lidocaine (n=55). Propofol was administered to achieve sufficient anesthesia. Measured outcomes in each group included propofol consumption, hypotension and desaturation incidents, adverse event types, consciousness recovery time, abdominal pain intensity, Aldrete scale, and Post Anaesthetic Discharge Scoring System (PADSS). Results Patients administered fentanyl needed significantly more propofol ( P =0.017) than those on ketamine, with lidocaine showing no notable difference ( P =0.28). Desaturation was significantly less common in the ketamine and lidocaine groups than fentanyl group ( P <0.001). The ketamine group experienced milder reductions in mean arterial ( P =0.018) and systolic blood pressure ( P <0.001). Recovery metrics (Aldrete and PADSS scores) were lower for fentanyl ( P <0.001 ) , although satisfaction and pain levels were consistent across all groups ( P =0.797). Dizziness occurred less frequently with lidocaine than fentanyl (17.2%, P =0.018) and ketamine (15.1%, P =0.019), while metallic taste incidents were more prevalent in the lidocaine group (13.5%, P =0.04) than fentanyl group. Conclusions Using ketamine or lidocaine instead of fentanyl in anesthesia for colonoscopy in patients with CD significantly lowers propofol use, reduces desaturation events, maintains blood pressure more effectively, without increasing hypotension risk, and accelerates recovery, without negatively impacting adverse events or patient satisfaction.