Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan

Benno, Yoshimi; Endo, Kimiko; Mizutani, Takeo; Namba, Yuzaburo; Komori, Toyosuke; Mitsuoka, Tomotari

doi:10.1128/aem.55.5.1100-1105.1989

Cited by 171 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(16 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…at between 10 11 -10 12 CFU g À1 and Streptococci at 10 3 -10 10 CFU g À1 . In another study, B. subtilis was identified in high numbers in both elderly persons and infants [53,54]. Other examples of Bacillus species that are known to be able to survive in the human GIT are two members of the Bacillus cereus sensu lato species group, B. anthracis and B. cereus [51].…”

Section: Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of bacterial spore formers as probiotics: Table 1

Hong¹,

Duc²,

Cutting³

2005

FEMS Microbiol Rev

862

574

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The field of probiosis has emerged as a new science with applications in farming and aqaculture as alternatives to antibiotics as well as prophylactics in humans. Probiotics are being developed commercially for both human use, primarily as novel foods or dietary supplements, and in animal feeds for the prevention of gastrointestinal infections, with extensive use in the poultry and aquaculture industries. The impending ban of antibiotics in animal feed, the current concern over the spread of antibiotic resistance genes, the failure to identify new antibiotics and the inherent problems with developing new vaccines make a compelling case for developing alternative prophylactics. Among the large number of probiotic products in use today are bacterial spore formers, mostly of the genus Bacillus. Used primarily in their spore form, these products have been shown to prevent gastrointestinal disorders and the diversity of species used and their applications are astonishing. Understanding the nature of this probiotic effect is complicated, not only because of the complexities of understanding the microbial interactions that occur within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), but also because Bacillus species are considered allochthonous microorganisms. This review summarizes the commercial applications of Bacillus probiotics. A case will be made that many Bacillus species should not be considered allochthonous microorganisms but, instead, ones that have a bimodal life cycle of growth and sporulation in the environment as well as within the GIT. Specific mechanisms for how Bacillus species can inhibit gastrointestinal infections will be covered, including immunomodulation and the synthesis of antimicrobials. Finally, the safety and licensing issues that affect the use of Bacillus species for commercial development will be summarized, together with evidence showing the growing need to evaluate the safety of individual Bacillus strains as well as species on a case by case by basis.

show abstract

Section: Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of bacterial spore formers as probiotics: Table 1

Hong¹,

Duc²,

Cutting³

2005

FEMS Microbiol Rev

862

574

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…56 The fecal microflora of people living in rural areas (those eating typical Japanese food) and of people living in urban areas (those eating less typical Japanese food) in Japan was different in the number of Bifidobacteria, which was higher in rural people. 57 A lower number of Clostridium species was observed in people eating brown rice that contains food fibers. 58 However, diets containing high animal fat did not alter the fecal microflora, but influenced fecal bile acid excretion.…”

Section: Microbes As Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there a link between food and intestinal microbes and the occurrence of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis?

Asakura¹,

Suzuki

Kitahora

et al. 2008

J of Gastro and Hepatol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) is not fully understood. The interaction between intestinal environmental factors of food and intestinal microbes and the immunological system of hosts seems to be an important aspect. We have reviewed the relationship of the daily consumption of dietary animal meat and fats, dairy products, sugar, and other factors that may be linked to the occurrence of CD and UC from the literature and Japanese epidemiological data. In the present study, we reviewed the association between food and intestinal microbes and other factors contributing to the occurence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from epidemiological data and case-control studies of IBD in the literature that appeared on Medline, and assessed the reports of intestinal microbes involved in the occurrence of IBD. We found several papers describing the positive association of animal meat and sweets and sugar with the occurrence of CD and UC. An analysis of Japanese epidemiological data suggested that the registered number of patients with CD or UC started to increase more than 20 years after an increased daily consumption of dietary animal meat and fats, and milk and dairy products, and after a decreased consumption of rice. Many studies implied a positive role of intestinal microbes in the occurrence of IBD. Intestinal environmental factors, such as Westernized food and intestinal microbes, seem to be involved in the increased occurrence of IBD.

show abstract

“…2 L. acidophilus strains are widely used as probiotic cultures in dairy and pharmaceutical products, as they are the most dominant lactobacilli in the human intestine because they: 1) do not require iron for growth, 2) have extremely high hydrogen peroxide tolerance, 3) can operate using homofermentative metabolism, and 4) are aerotolerant despite the complete absence of a respiratory chain. 3 Bifidobacterium strains are one of the most predominant cultures in the human colon, with numbers reaching 10 9 to 10 10 cfu/g, 4 and are also the most predominant intestinal organisms of breast-fed infants. 5 Probiotics have been scientifically and/or clinically proven to improve intestinal health, for example, in the reduction and prevention of diarrhea, improvement of the intestinal microbial balance by antimicrobial activity, alleviation of lactose intolerance symptoms, prevention of food allergy, inhibition of putrefactive bacteria, stimulation of the immune system, and improvement of constipation and alleviation of atopic dermatitis symptoms in children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics: A Critical Review of Their Potential Role as Antihypertensives, Immune Modulators, Hypocholesterolemics, and Perimenopausal Treatments

Liong¹

2007

Nut. Rev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The conventional use of probiotics to modulate gastrointestinal health, such as in improving lactose intolerance, increasing natural resistance to infectious diseases in the gastrointestinal tract, suppressing traveler's diarrhea, and reducing bloating, has been well investigated and documented. Most of the mechanisms reported to date are mainly caused by the suppression of pathogenic bacteria. Currently, the potential applications of probiotics are being expanded beyond alleviating gastrointestinal disorders to include benefits involving antihypertension, immunomodulation, improving serum lipid profiles, and the alleviation of postmenopausal disorders. Although they seem promising, most of these postulated benefits are based on in vitro evaluations, and the lack of in vivo evidence and/or incompatible outcomes between in vitro experiments and in vivo trials has led to inconclusive claims. This present review highlights some of the previous roles of probiotics on gut health and addresses several potential roles currently being investigated.

show abstract

Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan

Cited by 171 publications

References 23 publications

The use of bacterial spore formers as probiotics: Table 1

The use of bacterial spore formers as probiotics: Table 1

Is there a link between food and intestinal microbes and the occurrence of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis?

Probiotics: A Critical Review of Their Potential Role as Antihypertensives, Immune Modulators, Hypocholesterolemics, and Perimenopausal Treatments

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About