Comparison of fatty acid composition in total lipid of diapause and non‐diapause larvae of Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Abstract

Seasonal changes in the fatty acid composition of the total lipid extracted from the whole body of Cydia pomonella L. larvae were determined by gas chromatography. The six most abundant fatty acids in both non‐diapause and diapause larvae of codling moth were oleic (35%–39%), palmitic (23%–33%), linoleic (16%–30%), palmitoleic (5%–10%), stearic (1.5%–3.0%) and linolenic acids (1.0%–2.5%). This represents a typical complement of Lepidopteran fatty acids. The fatty acid composition of total lipid of C. pomonella larvae was related to diapause. In similarity to most other reports, the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids increased in diapause initiation state. The total lipid of diapause larvae contained more linoleic acid (25.8%vs. 16.1%) and less palmitic acid (24.7%vs. 33.4%), than that of non‐diapause larvae. The weight percentage of linoleic acid (C18:2) increased from 16% to 26% from early‐August through early‐September during transition to diapause, while palmitic acid (C16:0) decreased from 33% to 25% at the same time. These changes resulted in an increase in the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids (UFA/SFA) from 1.72 in non‐diapause larvae to 2.63 in diapause larvae.

Seasonal changes in the composition of storage and membrane lipids in overwintering larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella

“…Our analysis of FA composition in fat body lipid depots in larvae of C. pomonella of Central European population almost perfectly matches the results obtained earlier by Khani et al (2007b) for the Middle East population. Not only the FA compositions, but also the seasonal responses, were closely similar in both populations.…”

“…There is only a single report by Khani et al (2007b) who observed increasing/decreasing relative contents of linoleic (C18:2n6)/palmitic (C16:0) fatty acids, respectively, in total lipids extracted from codling moth larvae during their transition from direct development (non-diapause) to diapause state. The restructuring of lipid composition is intimately linked to changing ambient temperature in various poikilotherms including insects (for reviews, see Cossins and Sinensky, 1984;Hazel, 1989;Koštál, 2010).…”

Energetics of Insect Diapause

“…Fatty acid composition of triacylglyceride stores is highly influenced by the fatty acid composition of insect diets. Despite feeding on the same diet, however, the triacylglyceride stores of diapausing individuals from several species contain more unsaturated fatty acids, whereas the triacylglyceride stores of nondiapausing individuals contain more saturated fatty acids (17,40,63). Triacylglyceride stores can only be enzymatically mobilized from intracellular lipid droplets when they are in liquid form and when the lipid droplet surface proteins can appropriately interact with lipolytic enzymes; therefore, greater unsaturation in diapause-destined individuals may be important for fat mobilization at low temperatures.…”

“…Specific nutrient subclasses may also be selectively utilized during diapause. For example, within the larger fatty acid pool stored as triacylglycerides, unsaturated fatty acids decrease more rapidly than saturated fatty acids during diapause (17,40,63). Although selective mobilization of unsaturated fats has been suggested as an adaptation to low temperatures, mammals and birds also show preferential mobilization of unsaturated fatty acids across a range of conditions, suggesting that preferential depletion of unsaturated fatty acids may be a general pattern of mobilization, not a diapausespecific pattern (82,83).…”

Dietary lipids reduce the expression of carotenoid-based coloration in Lacerta vivipara

“…Lizards were supplemented with oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid that predominates in insectivore diets (Barlow 1963;Fast 1966;Schneider & Dorn 1994;Buckner, Kemp & Bosch 2004;Speake, Herbert & Thompson 2004;Bashan 2005;Michaud & Denlinger 2006;Khani et al 2007) and reptile reserve tissues (Ballinger et al 1992;Cartland-Shaw et al 1998;Thompson et al 2001). Fat-supplemented lizards were fed with a G. mellonella larvae injected with 0AE12 mL pure olive oil (72% oleic acid), while unsupplemented lizards were fed with larvae injected with 0AE12 mL of distilled water.…”