Comparison of factor structure models for the Beck Depression Inventory--II.

Abstract

Factor analyses of the Beck Depression Inventory--II (A. T. Beck, R. A. Steer, & G. K. Brown, 1996) have frequently produced 2 different 2-factor oblique structures. The author used confirmatory factor analyses to compare these structures with a general-factor model with 2 orthogonal group factors. The general-factor model fit as well as or better than the 2-factor models when applied to item data from previous studies (3 clinical and 2 college samples). Communalities associated with the General Depression factor ranged from 71% to 82%. Cognitive and Somatic group factors were indicative of intropunitiveness and fatigue. It was concluded that the general-factor model gives an acceptable empirical explanation of item covariance structure and offers a conceptual interpretation that is well suited to clinical practice and research.

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: A meta confirmatory factor analysis

“…A bifactor version of the tripartite model would consist of a general factor and group factors relating to autonomic arousal and anhedonia, and would allow for the separation of item variance into the variance explained by the general factor and each of the group factors. Also known as group-factor models, bifactor models were initially developed in intelligence research [13] but have since been applied to the study of psychological distress [14][15][16][17][18]. A bifactor structure has not yet been considered in relation to the HADS.…”

The BDI-II factor structure in pregnancy and postpartum: Two or three factors?

“…This structure confirms the relevance of Somatice affective symptoms in clinical populations. In non-clinical samples (mostly students) the 2-factor solution model slightly differs from the one mentioned above [30]. The Cognitivee Affective factor is usually the first factor identified and the Somatic factor is the second factor obtained [4,29,31].…”

“…The term ''Affective'' which is normally associated with the Somatic factor in the 2-factor model of clinical samples, usually is linked to the Cognitive factor, in non-clinical samples. In fact, Ward [30] refers that affective symptoms such as sadness or crying are likely to shift from one factor to the other depending on the sample being investigated.…”

“…The BDI-II structure has been explored in several studies using factor analysis [30]. This method can identify factors that may represent dimensions or concepts of a more broad conceptual system.…”

Validation of the Beck Depression Inventory II among the Sinhalese speaking population in Sri Lanka

“…Hence it is important to have a of high degree of suspicion for depressive disorder and for the use of screening tools in the presence of these complaints. (17,21). In a population study with a sample that consisted of college students, somatic factors were defined by 5 items, and the remaining 16 items loaded on cognitive affective factors (22).…”