Comparison of Face-To-Face and Telephone Interviews in the Dietary Intake Assessment by The 24-Hour Recall in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Abstract

Background We sought to compare the means energy, energy contribution from macronutrients, and selected nutrients intakes of patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) between telephone interviews and a face-to-face interview in the dietary intake assessment by the 24-hour recall. Methods Sixty-eight females with T2DM aged 50–55 years enrolled randomly in a descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study from the diabetic clinic of Shahid Bahonar. The patients completed three consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls. The first interview was face-to-face, and the subsequent 2 recalls were conducted by telephone. Results There were significant differences between the mean intakes energy and 18 selected nutrients calculated using two telephone interviews together versus all three interviews (P. values from 0.027 until < 0.001). There were significant differences between the mean intakes energy and 18 selected nutrients calculated using a face-to-face interview versus all three interviews (P. values from 0.027 until < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the mean intakes energy and 18 selected nutrients calculated using two telephone interviews. However, there were significant differences between the mean intakes energy and 18 selected nutrients calculated using face-to-face interview versus two telephone interviews together (P. values from 0.031 until < 0.001). Conclusions We concluded that the telephone approach could not be considered as an alternative to the face-to-face approach for collecting dietary data by the 24-hour dietary recall method as an open-ended assessment. Each of the telephone interviews versus face-to-face interview underreporting and underestimate the total energy and nutrients intakes in the 24-hour dietary recall.