Comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with citalopram in treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder

Nazari, Hedayat; Momeni, Nahid; Jariani, M; Tarrahi, Mohammadali

doi:10.3109/13651501.2011.590210

Cited by 34 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…One trial compared EMDR to citalopram (20mg per day) in a group of mainly adult patients (18% were juveniles) (Nazari et al, 2011) with OCD. Although EMDR outperformed citalopram in symptom reduction, doses were less than adequate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If their efficacy is established, it would be interesting to further explore their mechanisms of action. Both EMDR (Nazari et al, 2011) and satiation therapy (Khodarahimi, 2009) involve some exposure, which might be a critical ingredient. One difference between ERP and satiation therapy, however, is that the latter can include instructions to repeatedly engage in compulsive behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although behavioral in nature, such approaches do not involve exposure or behavioral experiments. In the category of other psychological interventions we included Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Nazari et al, 2011), Motivational Interviewing (MI; Miller & Rollnick, 2002), and Psychodynamic Therapy (Maina et al, 2010). For each psychological therapy evaluated, we drew conclusions about the extent to which it was empirically supported using the Chambless and Hollon (1998) criteria for OCD in general and with respect to subtype when applicable.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An update on the efficacy of psychological treatments for obsessive–compulsive disorder in adults

Ponniah

Magiati

Hollon

2013

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

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We conducted a review to provide an update on the efficacy of psychological treatments for OCD in general and with regard to specific symptom presentations. The PubMed and PsycINFO databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to mid February 2012. Forty-five such studies were identified. Exposure and response prevention (ERP) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) were found to be efficacious and specific for OCD. More purely cognitive interventions that did not include ERP or behavioral experiments were found to be possibly efficacious, as were Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Motivational Interviewing as an adjunct to the established treatments, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, and Satiation Therapy. There was little support for Stress Management or Psychodynamic Therapy. Although the majority of the studies recruited mixed or unspecified samples of patients and did not test for moderation, CBT was efficacious for obsessional patients who lacked overt rituals. One more purely cognitive intervention named Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy was found to be possibly efficacious for patients with contamination obsessions and washing compulsions. Although ERP and CBT are the best established psychological treatments for OCD, further research is needed to help elucidate which treatments are most effective for different OCD presentations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An update on the efficacy of psychological treatments for obsessive–compulsive disorder in adults

Ponniah

Magiati

Hollon

2013

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

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“…RCTs on the benefits of adding motivational interviewing to CBT have been conflicting, with one showing no additional benefits [678], while another demonstrated improved symptom reduction and remission rates compared with CBT alone [679]. While EMDR was more effective than an SSRI in a RCT [680], data are limited and this technique is not generally recommended for patients with OCD.…”

Section: Obsessive-compulsive Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antidepressants: In RCTs, citalopram was more effective than placebo but less effective than psychotherapy (Level 2) [680,726]. Additional data from augmentation studies support the efficacy of citalopram for the treatment of OCD [727,728].…”

Section: Obsessive-compulsive Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders

et al. 2014

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BackgroundAnxiety and related disorders are among the most common mental disorders, with lifetime prevalence reportedly as high as 31%. Unfortunately, anxiety disorders are under-diagnosed and under-treated.MethodsThese guidelines were developed by Canadian experts in anxiety and related disorders through a consensus process. Data on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment (psychological and pharmacological) were obtained through MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and manual searches (1980–2012). Treatment strategies were rated on strength of evidence, and a clinical recommendation for each intervention was made, based on global impression of efficacy, effectiveness, and side effects, using a modified version of the periodic health examination guidelines.ResultsThese guidelines are presented in 10 sections, including an introduction, principles of diagnosis and management, six sections (Sections 3 through 8) on the specific anxiety-related disorders (panic disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder), and two additional sections on special populations (children/adolescents, pregnant/lactating women, and the elderly) and clinical issues in patients with comorbid conditions.ConclusionsAnxiety and related disorders are very common in clinical practice, and frequently comorbid with other psychiatric and medical conditions. Optimal management requires a good understanding of the efficacy and side effect profiles of pharmacological and psychological treatments.

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The Treatment of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

Collins

Bragdon

Coles

2017

Evidence‐Based Psychotherapy

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Comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with citalopram in treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder

Abstract: It is concluded that although both therapeutic methods (EMDR and Citalopram) had significant effect in improving obsessive signs but it seems that in short term EMRD has better effect in improvement of final outcome of OCD.

Cited by 34 publications

References 25 publications

An update on the efficacy of psychological treatments for obsessive–compulsive disorder in adults

An update on the efficacy of psychological treatments for obsessive–compulsive disorder in adults

Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders

The Treatment of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

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