Comparison of extended reality and conventional methods of basic life support training: protocol for a multinational, pragmatic, noninferiority, randomised clinical trial (XR BLS trial)

Abstract

Background Conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training for the general public involves the use of a manikin and a training video, which has limitations related to a lack of realism and immersion. To overcome these limitations, virtual reality and extended reality technologies are being used in the field of medical education. The aim of this study is to explore the efficacy and safety of extended reality (XR)-based basic life support (BLS) training. Methods This study is a prospective, multinational, multicentre, randomised controlled study. Four institutions in 4 countries will participate in the study. A total of 154 participants will be randomly assigned to either the XR group or the conventional group stratified by institution and sex (1:1 ratio). Each participant who is allocated to either group will be sent to a separate room to receive training with an XR BLS module or conventional CPR training video. All participants will perform a test on a CPR manikin after the training. The primary outcome will be mean compression depth. The secondary outcome will be overall BLS performance, including compression rate, correct hand position, compression, and full release and hands-off time. Discussion Using virtual reality (VR) to establish a virtual educational environment can give trainees a sense of realism. In the XR environment, which combines the virtual world with the real world, trainees can more effectively learn various skills. This trial will provide evidence of the usefulness of XR in CPR education. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04736888. Registered on 29 January 2021

Development of an Extended Reality Simulator for Basic Life Support Training

“…This issue will be addressed in the next study, which is a multinational, pragmatic, noninferiority, randomized clinical trial (XR-BLS RCT trial) in four countries (South Korea, the United States of America, the United Kingdom, and Singapore). It has been registered with clinical trials (NCT04736888) [15] .…”

Educational effects of and satisfaction with mixed-reality-based major trauma care simulator: A preliminary evaluation

“…[12] With the recent development of technology, the development of a training program for trauma patients using MR has been reported in several studies. [21,22,26,27] Unlike VR, which is completely virtual, MR is a mixture of reality and virtual reality and can give trainees a more immersive feeling in reality. [27,28] Moreover, it is possible to practice actions such as securing an IV line using an actual needle or performing chest compression directly on a mannequin, which can help form more muscle memory.…”

“…[27,28] Moreover, it is possible to practice actions such as securing an IV line using an actual needle or performing chest compression directly on a mannequin, which can help form more muscle memory. [21,22,26,27] The TNXRtc used in this study used MR and equipment similar to real tools, allowing learning to be more immersive. It was possible to examine using a visual recognition function and facilitate it a hand recognition function.…”

Development of virtual reality content for learning Japan Prehospital Trauma Evaluation and Care initial assessment procedures

“…1 In face-to-face training programs, one or more instructors are assigned to each of the four trainees, and trainees often take turns leading the initial assessment, usually two to give times in approximately 30 min. 2 Due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), various face-to-face training sessions have been restricted, [3][4][5] and the JPTEC courses are no exception.…”