Comparison of Exfoliative Pap Stain and AgNOR Counts of the Tongue in Smokers and Nonsmokers

Fontes, Patrícia Campos; Corrêa, Gustavo Henrique Marques; Issa, Jaqueline Schölz; Brandão, Adriana Aigotti Haberbeck; Almeida, Janete Días

doi:10.1007/s12105-008-0059-0

Cited by 30 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The identification of basic inflammatory, dysplasia, or malignant alterations in all smears cells was done according to Papanicolaou classification; Class I: absence of abnormal or atypical cells; Class II: normal cells with inflammatory changes, no evidence of malignancy; Class III: suggestive, but not conclusive for malignancy; Class IV: cytology strongly suggestive of malignancy; Class V: cytology conclusive for malignancy. 16,17 The type of predominant cell (cellularity) in each smear was analysed also. The quantitative analysis of the AgNOR was carried out through light microscopy by binocular Olympus BX41™ (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan), adapted with a WH 10×-H/22 ocular and PLAN 100×/0.25.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exfoliative Cytology in the Oral Mucosa of Patients with Fanconi Anaemia: A Morphometric Approach

Machado¹,

D'Agulham²,

Chaiben³

et al. 2017

J Dent Indones

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Patients with Fanconi anaemia (FA) are prone to develop squamous cell carcinomas at an early age. Exfoliative cytology can be used to detect changes to the health of the oral mucosa. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate morphometrical and morphological changes using exfoliative cytology and to analyse and quantify the proliferative activity using silver nucleolar organiser regions (AgNOR) in epithelial cells of the tongue in FA patients, after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods: Oral smears were collected from the tongues of 20 FA children and adolescents after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (FA) and 20 healthy children (C) using exfoliative cytology. The smears were stained using the Papanicolaou technique and silver impregnation. The cells were morphologically analysed and the nuclear area (NA), the cytoplasmic area (CA), and the nucleusto-cytoplasm area ratio (NA/CA) were calculated. Results: Mean values for the FA and C groups were: NA (71.85 and 55.21µm²; p< 0.01); CA (2127.48 and 1441.61µm²; p< 0.01); NA/CA (0.03 and 0.04; p< 0.01), respectively. A significant increase in the NA and CA for the FA group (p< 0.01) was seen, and an alteration in the NA/CA ratio. No morphological differences were found between the groups. Class I smears were predominant in both groups. No differences were found between the groups for the mean values of AgNORs per nucleus. Conclusion: This study suggests that morphological changes occurred in the oral epithelium cells of children and adolescents with Fanconi anaemia when subjected to HSCT.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exfoliative Cytology in the Oral Mucosa of Patients with Fanconi Anaemia: A Morphometric Approach

Machado¹,

D'Agulham²,

Chaiben³

et al. 2017

J Dent Indones

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“…They were assessed based on the criteria put forward by Ahmed et al [22 ]and Fontes et al [24]. Features such as nuclear enlargement, increased keratohyaline granules, increased nuclear cytoplasmic ratio, prominent nucleoli, irregular nuclear membrane, multi-/binucleation, scant cytoplasm, presence of keratinization variation in size and shape of cells and nuclei were evaluated.…”

Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its potential in identifying precancerous and cancerous lesions in the buccal mucosa smears has also been explored [15]. Ever since tobacco has been identified as an etiologic factor for oral cancer, numerous studies have also been done on tobacco smokers’ mucosa using AgNORs to evaluate early changes in their mucosa showing positive results [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exfoliative Cytological Assessment of Apparently Normal Buccal Mucosa among Quid Chewers Using Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Region Counts and Papanicolaou Staining

Mohan¹,

Angadi²

2013

Acta Cytologica

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Objective: Quid chewing is associated with an increased risk of oral cancer. This study aims to analyze argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) counts along with Papanicolaou (PAP) staining in exfoliative smears of quid chewers and non-chewers to correlate quid chewing habits with possible early cytological changes in apparently normal buccal mucosa. Study Design: Exfoliative smears were obtained from normal buccal mucosa of 30 male quid chewers and non-chewers. The smears were stained using the AgNOR silver staining technique to evaluate the proliferative activity and PAP for cytological appearance. Results: Statistically higher AgNOR counts were observed in chewers as compared to non-chewers. The difference in the mean percentage of nuclei having ≥5 AgNORs in both groups was statistically significant (p = 0.001). In chewers, PAP showed 77% with class I and the remaining 23% were class II, while the non-chewers showed only class I cytology. AgNOR counts between chewers and non-chewers having class I cytological appearance demonstrated a greater mean AgNOR count in chewers (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: Quid chewing seems to have a definite role in promoting proliferative activity of apparently normal buccal mucosal cells. Exfoliative cytological assessment of a combination of AgNOR counts and PAP has the potential for prediction of early quid-associated cellular changes before the appearance of clinical premalignant and malignant lesions.

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“…Smears were made using Orcellex Rovers Brush ® (Rovers Medical Devices, NL, Holland), without previous use of mouthwashes [17] . The samples were transported in DNase, RNase and pyrogenic free tubes, protected from light, containing 2 mL of RPMI (Microvet, Madrid, Spain) and stored at 2-10 °C, also protected from light [6] .…”

Section: Exfoliative Cytologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression and carbonic anhydrase IX promoter methylation in oral cancer and smokers oral mucosa: a pilot study

Alves¹,

Carta²,

Padín-Iruegas³

et al. 2017

SDS

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Aim:To evaluate the methylation of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) promoter and CAIX gene expression in oral cancer and smokers. Methods: The collected oral cells samples were classified in to five groups, with each group containing 15 samples. Group 1, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); group 2, normal contralateral mucosa (NCM) of patients from group OSCC; group 3, normal mucosa in chronic smokers (CS); group 4, normal mucosa in ex-smokers (ES) in cessation for one year; and group 5, normal mucosa in never-smokers (NS). Samples were evaluated through methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative PCR. Results: The CAIX gene was methylated in only 20% of samples from group OSCC; in groups NCM, CS, ES and NS, all cases were unmethylated. CAIX expression of group OSCC was lower than in NS (P = 0.005). There was no statistically significant difference between CAIX expression in other groups, NCM and NS (P = 0.285), CS and NS (P = 0.530) and ES and NS (P = 0.068). Conclusion: CAIX methylation is higher in oral cancer and its expression is reduced in the same cases whose methylation is present. However, the methylation profile and the expression of this gene are not modified in chronic smokers and ex-smokers after one year of smoke cessation. Key words:Carcinoma, squamous cell, methylation, carbonic anhydrase IX, gene expression, tobacco ABSTRACTArticle history:

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Comparison of Exfoliative Pap Stain and AgNOR Counts of the Tongue in Smokers and Nonsmokers

Abstract: Within the limitations of this research, the results indicate higher proliferative activity in smoking patients compared to nonsmoking patients, even in the absence of clinical lesions.

Cited by 30 publications

References 19 publications

Exfoliative Cytology in the Oral Mucosa of Patients with Fanconi Anaemia: A Morphometric Approach

Exfoliative Cytology in the Oral Mucosa of Patients with Fanconi Anaemia: A Morphometric Approach

Exfoliative Cytological Assessment of Apparently Normal Buccal Mucosa among Quid Chewers Using Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Region Counts and Papanicolaou Staining

Gene expression and carbonic anhydrase IX promoter methylation in oral cancer and smokers oral mucosa: a pilot study

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