Comparison of excessive balmer α line broadening of inductively and capacitively coupled RF, microwave, and glow-discharge hydrogen plasmas with certain catalysts

Mills, Randell L.; Ray, Paresh Chandra; Nansteel, M.; Chen, Xuemin; Mayo, R.M.; He, J.; Dhandapani, B.

doi:10.1109/tps.2003.812340

Cited by 59 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Subsequent excitation of these fast H( = 1) atoms by collisions with the background H 2 followed by emission of the corresponding H( = 3) fast atoms gives rise to broadened Balmer α emission. Extraordinary (>100 eV) Balmer α line broadening is observed consistent with predictions [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Two hydrogen atoms may also serve as the catalyst.…”

Section: R L Mills Y Lu Fifth Force Submittedsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Specific species identifiable on the basis of their known electron energy levels are required to be present with atomic hydrogen to catalyze the process. The reaction involves a nonradiative energy transfer followed by emission or energy transfer to H to form extraordinarily hot, excited-state H [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and a hydrogen atom that is lower in energy than unreacted atomic hydrogen that corresponds to a fractional principal quantum number given by ; 137 is an integer (4) in Eq. (1).…”

Section: R L Mills Y Lu Fifth Force Submittedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As predicted, water bath calorimetry showed He/H 2 (10%) (500 mTorr) plasmas generated with an Evenson microwave cavity consistently yielded on the order of 50% more heat than the plasma control of He under identical conditions of gas flow, pressure, and microwave operating conditions corresponding to an excess power density of about 10 W · cm . In addition to unique vacuum ultraviolet (EUV) lines [36][37][38], He/H 2 plasmas also demonstrated broadening of the hydrogen Balmer series lines [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. In this paper, we report on the nature of the latter four signatures of the hydrino transition and the conditions to reproducibly observe them.…”

Section: R L Mills Y Lu Fifth Force Submittedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectroscopic observation of helium-ion- and hydrogen-catalyzed hydrino transitions

2010

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Abstract:Four predictions of Mills' Grand Unified Theory of Classical Physics (GUTCP) regarding atomic hydrogen undergoing a catalytic reaction with certain atomized elements and ions which resonantly, nonradiatively accept integer multiples of the potential energy of atomic hydrogen, · 27.2 eV wherein is an integer, have been confirmed experimentally. Specifically, a catalyst comprises a chemical or physical process with an enthalpy change equal to an integer multiple of the potential energy of atomic hydrogen, 27.2 eV. For He + = 2, due to its ionization reaction to He 2+ , and two H atoms formed from H 2 by collision with a third, hot H can also act as a catalyst with = 2 for this third H. The product is H(1/ ), fractional Rydberg states of atomic hydrogen called "hydrino atoms" wherein = 1/2, 1/3, 1/4,…, 1/ ( 137 is an integer) replaces the well-known parameter = integer in the Rydberg equation for hydrogen excited states. The predictions for the hydrino reaction of (1) pumping of the catalyst excited states, (2) characteristic EUV continuum radiation, (3) fast H, and (4) hydrino products were observed in multiple catalyst-hydrogen plasma systems. PACS

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Section: R L Mills Y Lu Fifth Force Submittedsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: R L Mills Y Lu Fifth Force Submittedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: R L Mills Y Lu Fifth Force Submittedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectroscopic observation of helium-ion- and hydrogen-catalyzed hydrino transitions

2010

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“…The plasma emission from a hydrogen microwave discharge [41,42] control and each rt-plasma maintained in the filament-heated cell were fiber-optically coupled to a high resolution visible spectrometer capable of a resolution of ±0.06 Å. The slits were set to 20 µm, the step size was 0.1 Å, and the spectra (4000-4090Å and 6560-6570 Å) were recorded by a PMT in a single accumulation with a 1 second integration time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The slits were set to 20 µm, the step size was 0.1 Å, and the spectra (4000-4090Å and 6560-6570 Å) were recorded by a PMT in a single accumulation with a 1 second integration time. The spectrometer and detection system were calibrated for wavelength and absolute intensity as described previously [41,42].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stationary inverted Lyman populations and free-free and bound-free emission of lower-energy state hydride ion formed by an exothermic catalytic reaction of atomic hydrogen and certain group I catalysts

et al. 2009

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Abstract:Rb + to Rb 2+ and 2K + to K + K 2+ each provide a reaction with a net enthalpy equal to the potential energy of atomic hydrogen. The presence of these gaseous ions with thermally dissociated hydrogen formed a plasma having strong VUV emission with a stationary inverted Lyman population. Significant Balmer α line broadening of 18 and 9 eV was observed from a rt-plasma of hydrogen with KNO 3 , and RbNO 3 , respectively, compared to 3 eV from a hydrogen microwave plasma. The reaction was exothermic since excess power of about 20 mW/cc was measured by Calvet calorimetry. We propose an energetic catalytic reaction involving a resonance energy transfer between hydrogen atoms and Rb + or 2K + to form a very stable novel hydride ion. Its predicted binding energy of 3.0471 eV with the fine structure was observed at 4071 Å, and its predicted bound-free hyperfine structure lines matched those observed for about 40 lines to within.01 percent. Characteristic emission from each catalyst was observed. This catalytic reaction may pump a CW HI laser.

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Scaling Design and Experimental Study on Hall Thrusters with Curved Magnetic Field

Ding

Jia

et al. 2011

Contrib. Plasma Phys.

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The existing scaling theories of Hall thrusters are based on the hypothesis of a one-dimensional straight magnetic field, which is not suitable for the design of modern thrusters with a two-dimensional curved magnetic field. In this paper, using the equation analysis method, we derive new similarity criterions in a curved magnetic field by analyzing the momentum equations of charged particles; consequently, we propose a new modeling design method for Hall thrusters with a constant discharge voltage. This method is further validated by experiments. A designed model with a power of 1.5 kW is made based on our proposed method from a prototype model with a power of 1 kW. The experimental results demonstrate that these two thrusters have little differences in performance and physical processes as expected from the scaling. Therefore, our method is well suited for designing a Hall thruster with a curved magnetic field.

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Comparison of excessive balmer α line broadening of inductively and capacitively coupled RF, microwave, and glow-discharge hydrogen plasmas with certain catalysts

Cited by 59 publications

References 42 publications

Spectroscopic observation of helium-ion- and hydrogen-catalyzed hydrino transitions

Spectroscopic observation of helium-ion- and hydrogen-catalyzed hydrino transitions

Stationary inverted Lyman populations and free-free and bound-free emission of lower-energy state hydride ion formed by an exothermic catalytic reaction of atomic hydrogen and certain group I catalysts

Scaling Design and Experimental Study on Hall Thrusters with Curved Magnetic Field

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