Comparison of excessive Balmer α line broadening of glow discharge and microwave hydrogen plasmas with certain catalysts

Abstract

From the width of the 656.3 nm Balmer α line emitted from microwave and glow discharge plasmas, it was found that a strontium–hydrogen microwave plasma showed a broadening similar to that observed in the glow discharge cell of 27–33 eV; whereas, in both sources, no broadening was observed for magnesium–hydrogen. Microwave helium–hydrogen and argon–hydrogen plasmas showed extraordinary broadening corresponding to an average hydrogen atom temperature of 180–210 eV and 110–130 eV, respectively. The corresponding results from the glow discharge plasmas were 33–38 eV and 30–35 eV respectively, compared to ≈4 eV for plasmas of pure hydrogen, neon–hydrogen, krypton–hydrogen, and xenon–hydrogen maintained in either source. Similarly, the average electron temperature Te for helium–hydrogen and argon–hydrogen microwave plasmas were high, 30 500±5% K and 13 700±5% K, respectively; compared to 7400±5% K and 5700±5% K for helium and argon alone, respectively. External Stark broadening or acceleration of charged species due to high fields can not explain the microwave results since no high field was present, and the electron density was orders of magnitude too low for the corresponding Stark effect. Rather, a resonant energy transfer mechanism is proposed.

Spectroscopic observation of helium-ion- and hydrogen-catalyzed hydrino transitions

“…Subsequent excitation of these fast H( = 1) atoms by collisions with the background H 2 followed by emission of the corresponding H( = 3) fast atoms gives rise to broadened Balmer α emission. Extraordinary (>100 eV) Balmer α line broadening is observed consistent with predictions [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Two hydrogen atoms may also serve as the catalyst.…”

“…Specific species identifiable on the basis of their known electron energy levels are required to be present with atomic hydrogen to catalyze the process. The reaction involves a nonradiative energy transfer followed by emission or energy transfer to H to form extraordinarily hot, excited-state H [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and a hydrogen atom that is lower in energy than unreacted atomic hydrogen that corresponds to a fractional principal quantum number given by ; 137 is an integer (4) in Eq. (1).…”

“…As predicted, water bath calorimetry showed He/H 2 (10%) (500 mTorr) plasmas generated with an Evenson microwave cavity consistently yielded on the order of 50% more heat than the plasma control of He under identical conditions of gas flow, pressure, and microwave operating conditions corresponding to an excess power density of about 10 W · cm . In addition to unique vacuum ultraviolet (EUV) lines [36][37][38], He/H 2 plasmas also demonstrated broadening of the hydrogen Balmer series lines [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. In this paper, we report on the nature of the latter four signatures of the hydrino transition and the conditions to reproducibly observe them.…”

Stationary inverted Lyman populations and free-free and bound-free emission of lower-energy state hydride ion formed by an exothermic catalytic reaction of atomic hydrogen and certain group I catalysts

“…The plasma emission from a hydrogen microwave discharge [41,42] control and each rt-plasma maintained in the filament-heated cell were fiber-optically coupled to a high resolution visible spectrometer capable of a resolution of ±0.06 Å. The slits were set to 20 µm, the step size was 0.1 Å, and the spectra (4000-4090Å and 6560-6570 Å) were recorded by a PMT in a single accumulation with a 1 second integration time.…”

“…The slits were set to 20 µm, the step size was 0.1 Å, and the spectra (4000-4090Å and 6560-6570 Å) were recorded by a PMT in a single accumulation with a 1 second integration time. The spectrometer and detection system were calibrated for wavelength and absolute intensity as described previously [41,42].…”