Comparison of ESEM and physical properties of virgin and laboratory aged asphalt binders

Mikhailenko, Peter; Kou, Changjiang; Baaj, Hassan; Poulikakos, Lily D.; Falchetto, Augusto Cannone; Besamusca, Jeroen; Hofko, Bernhard

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.08.052

Cited by 43 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…ESEM is a microscope that uses high-pressure gas in a chamber to examine a relatively natural state in which materials are scanned analogously to a standard SEM without routine preparation for compatibility [30]. e model of ESEM unit used to test the specimens was FEI Quanta 250 FEG, as shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (Esem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e results indicated that aging has a significant effect on the microstructure of asphalt binder, whereby RTFOT-aging caused the network structures to become coarser. Meanwhile, Mikhailenko et al [30] noted that the denser the 10 -4 10 -3 10 -2 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 Frequency (Hz) Advances in Materials Science and Engineering structure of the fibrils in ESEM imaging, the stiffer the binder is. In this investigation, ESEM was used to study the microstructure of asphalt binder with different percentages of geopolymer, 3, 6 and 9%.…”

Section: Effects Of Geopolymer On the Microstructure Of The Bindermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating Fly Ash‐Based Geopolymers as a Modifier for Asphalt Binders

Hamid

Alfaidi

Baaj

et al. 2020

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Severe Canadian winter conditions and growing traffic volumes are vital factors resulting in a reduction of the service life of flexible pavements. Researchers and engineers strived to develop several additives to develop balanced asphalt mixers capable of resisting distresses that caused deterioration of flexible pavements in Canada. In this study, a critical literature review regarding the use of geopolymers and their application in construction materials is provided. Moreover, an experimental matrix of laboratory testing was conducted to study the rheological and microstructural properties of the PG 58-28 asphalt binder, with different percentages (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%) of geopolymer. The effect of geopolymer-curing time on rheological properties was investigated. Rotational viscometer, dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) imaging devices were used to compare the performance of control binder with a binder with different percentages of geopolymers. Results indicated that the increase in the geopolymer content and the curing time affect the rheological behavior of the asphalt binder by increasing its viscosity, complex shear modulus, and failure temperature. Samples with higher geopolymer percentage exhibited better performance in terms of rutting resistance. Moreover, an increase in the failure temperature of modified asphalt binder with 9% geopolymer is recorded as 8.58%, 14.2%, and 15.2% for curing times of 2, 7, and 14 days, respectively, compared with virgin asphalt. Furthermore, the nanoparticles appear to be well dispersed in the binder, and increasing the percentage of the geopolymer does not seem to affect the microstructure of the binder. Overall research conclusion is that geopolymer application resulted in a potential enhancement of some of the properties of the asphalt binder.

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Section: Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (Esem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Geopolymer On the Microstructure Of The Bindermentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Fly Ash‐Based Geopolymers as a Modifier for Asphalt Binders

Hamid

Alfaidi

Baaj

et al. 2020

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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“…The microstructural observations were conducted at room temperature with a Philips XL30 environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM, Eindhoven, Netherlands) under an acceleration voltage of 20 keV, similar to Reference [22], with a spot size of 3.5 in a chamber at 1.0 Torr pressure in low vacuum and secondary electron detector mode. The magnification was varied from ×125 to ×250, ×500, and ×1000.…”

Section: Microstructural Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through the sample preparation for ESEM analyses, lignin and lignin-modified bitumen were placed on special sample holders as in Reference [22]. In particular, lignin was placed in an oven at 150 • C for 24 h to ensure drying before scanning.…”

Section: Microstructural Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Rheological Evaluation of Aged Lignin-Modified Bitumen

et al. 2019

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As bitumen oxidizes, material stiffening and embrittlement occur, and bitumen eventually cracks. The use of anti-oxidants, such as lignin, could be used to delay oxidative aging and to extend the lifetime of asphalt pavements. In this study, the chemical and rheological effect of lignin on bitumen was evaluated by using a single dosage organsolv lignin (10 wt.% dosage). A pressure aging vessel (PAV) was used to simulate the long-term aging process after performing the standard short-term aging procedure, and the lignin-modified bituminous binders were characterized by an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). From the ESEM results, the uniform microstructure was observed, indicating that the addition of lignin did not affect the worm structure of bitumen. Based on the FTIR test results, lignin-modified bitumen showed that a lower number of carbonyl and sulfoxide compounds were generated after aging than for neat bitumen. Based on the linear amplitude sweep (LAS) results, the addition of lignin slightly reduced the fatigue life of bitumen. From the frequency sweep results, it showed that lignin in bitumen acts as a modifier since the physical interaction between lignin and bitumen predominantly affects the material rheology. Overall, lignin could be a promising anti-oxidant due to its economic and environmental benefits.

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“…The current paper focuses on data from one laboratory, two binders and two temperatures; 123 C and 163 C. Additional results addressing other aspects of the this research can be found in previous publications. 12,13,[19][20][21]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of asphalt aging temperature on chemo-mechanics

et al. 2019

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As the use of warm and cold asphalt mixing technologies provides an opportunity to save energy during production, it is important to determine if this lower mixing temperature also has a long-term effect on the binder chemical and rheological properties and performance. In this study, a link between the chemistry and rheology of bituminous binders with a focus on short-term aging temperature is proposed. This link is made using a rheological aging index (RAI), the crossover temperature and a chemical aging index (CAI). The RAI is calculated using the difference in the integration areas under shear modulus master curves generated from Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) data on unaged and aged bitumen. The cross over temperature is defined as that when the material transitions from elastic to viscous behaviour. The CAI is obtained from Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements by combining the carbonyl and sulfoxide indices. In addition, the effect of aging on the molecular size distribution of the binders was evaluated using Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). Two asphalt binders from two sources at two RTFOT aging temperatures 123 C and 163 C corresponding to warm mixing and hot mix mixing temperatures respectively were used.The rheological aging index, the chemical aging index and GPC delivered the same trends, showing that the short-term aging temperature has a significant effect on long-term chemical and rheological properties. The extent of this depends on the source as some binders were identified as being more aging resistant.

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Comparison of ESEM and physical properties of virgin and laboratory aged asphalt binders

Cited by 43 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluating Fly Ash‐Based Geopolymers as a Modifier for Asphalt Binders

Evaluating Fly Ash‐Based Geopolymers as a Modifier for Asphalt Binders

Chemical and Rheological Evaluation of Aged Lignin-Modified Bitumen

Impact of asphalt aging temperature on chemo-mechanics

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