Comparison of epoxidised natural rubber (enr) 37.5 and enr 25/ enr 50 physical blend: Specialty polymer for 'green tyre' application

Wan, Nong; Chin, Keun-Chan; Saad, C S Mt

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/11/1/012004

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Through this process, the compatibility with polar polymers, wear, thermal, and mechanical properties are improved [36]. Furthermore, as a new rubber, the ENR not only has better properties than NR such as high thermal resistance but some features of synthetic rubber could be attained [33,34,36,37,38]. The ENR has been commercialized as a ‘green tyre’ [38,39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, as a new rubber, the ENR not only has better properties than NR such as high thermal resistance but some features of synthetic rubber could be attained [33,34,36,37,38]. The ENR has been commercialized as a ‘green tyre’ [38,39]. However, more research studies have been discovered recently on its usage due to its favorable storage and loss modulus as well as environmentally-friendly characteristics such as compatibilizer and impact modifier [32,37,40,41,42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Stability and Rheological Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber-Based Magnetorheological Elastomer

Yunus

Mazlan

Ubaidillah

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Determination of the thermal characteristics and temperature-dependent rheological properties of the magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) is of paramount importance particularly with regards to MRE applications. Hitherto, a paucity of temperature dependent analysis has been conducted by MRE researchers. In this study, an investigation on the thermal and rheological properties of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR)-based MREs was performed. Various percentages of carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) were blended with the ENR compound using a two roll-mill for the preparation of the ENR-based MRE samples. The morphological, elemental, and thermal analyses were performed before the rheological test. Several characterizations, as well as the effects of the strain amplitude, temperature, and magnetic field on the rheological properties of ENR-based MRE samples, were evaluated. The micrographs and elemental results were well-correlated regarding the CIP and Fe contents, and a uniform distribution of CIPs was achieved. The results of the thermal test indicated that the incorporation of CIPs enhanced the thermal stability of the ENR-based MREs. Based on the rheological analysis, the storage modulus and loss factor were dependent on the CIP content and strain amplitude. The effect of temperature on the rheological properties revealed that the stiffness of the ENR-based MREs was considered stable, and they were appropriate to be employed in the MRE devices exposed to high temperatures above 45 °C.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability and Rheological Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber-Based Magnetorheological Elastomer

Yunus

Mazlan

Ubaidillah

et al. 2019

IJMS

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“…In this context, ENR has a range of applications from adhesives to tires and other automotive parts. , While its chemical and mechanical properties have been examined for more than 40 years, − it has yet to realize its full potential as a commercial elastomer. However, recently there has been an increasing interest in ENR for tires in electric vehicles as it has much potential for low rolling resistance materials , and for self-healing applications. − Self-healing of polymeric materials is a highly desirable property and is defined as the capability of a material to recover from physical damage. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Effects of Cross-Linking Density on the Self-Healing Performance of Epoxidized Natural Rubber and Natural Rubber

et al. 2022

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The demand for self-healing elastomers is increasing due to the potential opportunities such materials offer in reducing down-time and cost through extended product lifetimes and reduction of waste. However, further understanding of self-healing mechanisms and processes is required in order to develop a wider range of commercially applicable materials with self-healing properties. Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) is a derivative of polyisoprene. ENR25 and ENR50 are commercially available materials with 25 and 50 mol % epoxidation, respectively. Recently, reports of the use of ENR in self-healing materials have begun to emerge. However, to date, there has been limited analysis of the self-healing mechanism at the molecular level. The aim of this work is to gain understanding of the relevant self-healing mechanisms through systematic characterization and analysis of the effect of cross-linking on the self-healing performance of ENR and natural rubber (NR). In our study, cross-linking of ENR and NR with dicumyl peroxide and sulfur to provide realistic models of commercial rubber formulations is described, and a cross-linking density of 5 × 10 –5 mol cm –3 in sulfur-cured ENR is demonstrated to achieve a healing efficiency of 143% for the tensile strength. This work provides the foundation for further modification of ENR, with the goal of understanding and controlling ENR’s self-healing ability for future applications.

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“…Because of its origin, it is characterized by a negative carbon footprint and therefore qualifies as an environmentally friendly elastomer that can be employed in biocomposite preparation [ 1 ]. This material is produced by means of epoxidation process, i.e., controlled chemical modification of natural rubber (NR), which is a popular biopolymer derived from the Hevea brasiliensis plant [ 2 ]. However, epoxidized natural rubber has a much more interesting structure as well as improved properties in comparison to its precursor [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Healable Biocomposites Crosslinked with a Combination of Silica and Quercetin

2021

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In this publication, novel bio-based composites made of epoxidized natural rubber with 50 mol% of epoxidation (ENR-50) are presented. The obtained materials, partially cured with a totally environmentally friendly crosslinking system consisting of natural ingredients, including quercetin and silica, exhibit a self-healing ability resulting from the self-adhesion of ENR-50 and reversible physical forces between the curing agent and the matrix. The impact of natural components on the crosslinking effect in uncured ENR-50 matrix was analyzed based on rheometric measurements, mechanical tests and crosslinking density. The partially crosslinked samples were next cut into two separate pieces, which were instantly contacted together under a small manual press, left at room temperature for a few days for the healing process to occur and finally retested. The healing efficiency was estimated by measuring mechanical properties before and after the healing process and was also confirmed by photos taken using optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM). According to the results, a combination of silica and quercetin is a totally safe, natural and effective crosslinking system dedicated to epoxidized natural rubber. The novel composites containing ingredients safe for human beings exhibit promising self-healing properties with a healing efficiency of up to 45% without any external stimuli and stand a chance of becoming innovative biomedical materials.

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Comparison of epoxidised natural rubber (enr) 37.5 and enr 25/ enr 50 physical blend: Specialty polymer for 'green tyre' application

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Thermal Stability and Rheological Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber-Based Magnetorheological Elastomer

Thermal Stability and Rheological Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber-Based Magnetorheological Elastomer

Understanding the Effects of Cross-Linking Density on the Self-Healing Performance of Epoxidized Natural Rubber and Natural Rubber

Self-Healable Biocomposites Crosslinked with a Combination of Silica and Quercetin

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