Comparison of enzyme immunoassay, latex agglutination and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for diagnosis of rotavirus in children

Abstract

Rotavirus is considered an important pathogen that causes diarrhea in children. Its laboratory identification is critical for early management and prevention of the outbreak. The aim of this study was to compare the three assays designed for diagnosis of rotavirus in stool samples: polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) as gold standard method, with the antigen detection method using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and latex agglutination (LA). A cross-sectional retrospective study included 200 stool samples collected from children aged over 5 years with acute gastroenteritis. PAGE, EIA and LA techniques were used for the detection of rotavirus. LA showed higher percentage (36.5%), while EIA and PAGE were nearly equal (32% and 31.5%, respectively) in detection of rotavirus. Compared to PAGE, EIA presented 92.06%, 96.35%, 92.18 and 97.05 of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of LA test were 84.13%, 85.40%, 72.60% and 92.12%, respectively. Antigen detection using EIA is sensitive, specific and rapid technique for detection of rotavirus infection in stool, while LA may be useful in disease outbreak, or with shortage of means for rotavirus recognition, since it is practical, fast, and reasonably priced.

Distribution of group a Rotavirus circulating in Mashhad, Iran

“…In our study, Rotavirus was detected in 33 of 106 (31.3%) fecal samples which were collected from Dr. Sheikh and Akbar Pediatric Hospital of Mashhad, Iran. RT-PCR method was used to detect this viral infection in collected clinical stool specimens since this method was available, has acceptable sensitivity in detecting Rotaviruses ( 25 ) and can distinguish this infection from several other viral infections resulting in AGE including Noroviruses , enteric Adenoviruses serotypes 40 and 41, Human Parechoviruses, Picobirnaviruses, Astroviruses, and infrequently, Coronaviruses , and Toroviruses ( 26 , 27 ). In 2010, another study was done to investigate the prevalence of Rotavirus infection in Mashhad by Sadeghian et al Based on the results, the incidence of this viral infection among children suffering from AGE was 28.8% ( 28 ).…”

Rotaviruses: From Pathogenesis to Disease Control—A Critical Review

“…Commercially available antigen detection kits (ELISA, immunochromatography, or latex agglutination) are primarily used for rotavirus diagnosis. The latex agglutination technique is rapid and simple to carry out without sophisticated equipment, making it useful in disease outbreak detection especially in resource-poor settings where means for rotavirus recognition are in short supply [ 140 ]. Although, the ELISA-based technique is the most widely explored antigen screening platform due to its high sensitivity, specificity, and adaptability to a large sample volume of samples in the 96-well plate [ 60 ].…”

Rotaviral Diseases and Their Implications

“…There have been studies that demonstrate the anti-rotavirus activity of some drugs such as Nitazoxanide (100 mg in 12-47 months and 200 mg in 4 years old, twice daily for consecutive 3 days) an oralsynthetic anti-parasitic agent inhibits viro plasma formation; gemcitabine, an anticancer drug, with pyrimidine nucleotide inhibitor activity inhibits rotavirus as well. Resveratrol (Inhibitor of viral protein synthesis), Ziyuglycoside II (Inhibitor of TLR4/NF-kB pathway), Brequinar (pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitor), 2 0 -C-methyl nucleosides (viral polymerase inhibitor), Racecadotril (Intestinal enkephalinase inhibitor, which suppresses the secretion of water and electrolytes into the gut), ML-60218 (RNA polymerase III inhibitors), and Genipin (Entry inhibitor) are potent antiviral drugs [31,32].…”