Comparison of energy efficiency assessment methods: Case Bio-SNG process

Performance of biofuel processes utilising separate lignin and carbohydrate processing

“…One possibility to account for the different forms of energy is to use the primary energy approach. In this case, the process boundaries are widened so that all the energy input used in the generation process is retraced to its primary sources and all energy needed to deliver the final energy product is expressed in terms of total primary energy consumption, according to Kohl et al (2014).…”

Enhanced biofuel processes utilizing separate lignin and carbohydrate processing of lignocellulose

“…Several authors have considered the exergonomics of biofuel processes and operation, for example, gasification (Karamarkovic, 2010). Kohl et al (2014) compared different methods of energy efficiency and exergy efficiency assessment for methane production from biomass. The conclusion was that although exergy has potential for the further improvement of the process, it is relatively complex to calculate.…”

“…The problem is that the efficiency shown in Eq. 6, does not take into account the different value of energy in heat, power and district heat Kohl et al (2014). It takes more fuel to generate the same amount of electricity as an equal amount of heat, due to the different efficiencies in the conversion process.…”

Energy analysis of algae-to-biofuel production chains integrated with a combined heat and power plant

“…Bio-SNG production follows a deterministic model from data by Kohl et al [21]: electricity input, biomass input and SNG output are linearly dependent on plant heat output P in,SNG,p = 0.1418 Q DH,SNG,p…”