Comparison of energy consumption in HVAC systems using simple ON-OFF, intelligent ON-OFF and optimal controllers

Gray-box model for energy-efficient selection of set point hysteresis in heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration controllers

“…Chinnakani et al [24] argued that a disadvantage of fixed gain PID control is that its performance can be poor under varying load conditions, so they developed an 'intelligent on/off controller' that takes into account sensor delays and room inertia. However, they assumed linear functionality for determining the slope of the temperature-time curves.…”

Optimal storage battery scheduling for energy-efficient buildings in a microgrid

“…As one of the most important indicators evaluating the remaining storage energy, state of charge (SOC) is used to illustrate the dynamics of storage battery. Dynamic SOC in a discretetime form can be expressed as (8) and limitations on charging/discharging power are as shown in (9).…”

“…Aswani et al [7] applied learning-based model-predictive control to save energy of air conditioner and the experiments on a platform show the proposed technique results in This work is supported in part by NSFC a 30%-70% reduction in energy consumption. Chinnakani et al [8] used an optimal controller to control temperature and humidity and prove its efficiency through comparison with other two controlling strategies. Another approach to improve building energy-efficiency is to employ smart microgrid technology.…”

Modelling of Ambient Comfort Affect Reward Based Adaptive Laboratory Climate Controller

“…The model of [8] was used for representing a single zone HVAC system with a single heater and humidifier described by the following state-space equation…”

“…a 95 =(s sa ρ a C pa )/( C z ); a 96 = (2U w1 A w1 )/( C z ); a 97 =(2U w2 A w2 )/( C z ); a 98 =(U r A r )/( C z ); a 99 =(-(s Nomenclature given in [8] for the equations above are as follows: T he -temperature of air when it leaves the heater ( 0 C); T hu -temperature of air when it leaves the humidifier( 0 C); T out -temperature of air when it leaves the duct( 0 C); T w1 -temperature of wall 1 and 3( 0 C); T w2temperature of the wall 2 and 4 ( 0 C); T r -temperature of the roof ( 0 C); T z -temperature of the zone( 0 C); T o -outside air temperature ( 0 C); T m -temperature of mixed air ( 0 C); W hespecific humidity of air when it leaves the heater (kg/kg); W hu -specific humidity of air when it leaves humidifier (kg/kg); W z -specific humidity of the zone(kg/kg); W ospecific humidity of outside air (kg/kg); W m -specific humidity of the mixed air (kg/kg); C ah -thermal capacity of the air handling unit (kJ/C ); C h -thermal capacity of the humidifier (kJ/C ); C w1 -thermal capacity of the wall 1 and 3…”